20
Martin G. Evans, “The Effects of Supervisory Behavior on the
Path-Goal Relationship,”
Organizational Behavior and Human
Performance
, May 1970, pp. 277–298; and Robert J. House and
Terence R. Mitchell, “Path-Goal Theory of Leadership,”
Journal
of Contemporary Business
, Autumn 1974, pp. 81–98. See also
Yukl,
Leadership in Organizations
, p. 5.
21
For a recent review, see J. C. Wofford and Laurie Z. Liska, “Path-
Goal Theories of Leadership: A Meta-Analysis,”
Journal of
Management
, 1993, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 857–876.
22
See Victor H. Vroom and Philip H. Yetton,
Leadership and
Decision Making
(Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press,
1973); and Victor H. Vroom and Arthur G. Jago,
The New
Leadership
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988).
23
Victor Vroom, “Leadership and the Decision-Making Process,”
Organizational Dynamics
, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 82–94.
24
Vroom and Jago,
The New Leadership
.
25
Vroom and Jago,
The New Leadership
.
26
See Madeline E. Heilman, Harvey A. Hornstein, Jack H. Cage,
and Judith K. Herschlag, “Reaction to Prescribed Leader
Behavior as a Function of Role Perspective: The Case of the
Vroom-Yetton Model,”
Journal of Applied Psychology
, February
1984, Vol. 69, No. 1, pp. 50–60; and R. H. George Field, “A Test
of the Vroom-Yetton Normative Model of Leadership,”
Journal
of Applied Psychology
, February 1982, Vol. 67, No. 5,
pp. 523–532.
27
George Graen and J. F. Cashman, “A Role-Making Model of
Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Developmental
Approach,” in J. G. Hunt and L. L. Larson (eds.),
Leadership
Frontiers
(Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1975),
pp. 143–165; and Fred Dansereau, George Graen, and W. J.
Haga, “A Vertical Dyad Linkage Approach to Leadership within
Formal Organizations: A Longitudinal Investigation of the Role-
Making Process,”
Organizational Behavior and Human Perfor-
mance
, 1975, Vol. 15, pp. 46–78.
28
See Kathryn Sherony and Stephen Green, “Coworker Exchange:
Relationships between Coworkers, Leader-Member Exchange,
and Work Attitudes,”
Journal of Applied Psychology
, 2002,
Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 542–548.
29
See Bruce J. Avolio, Fred O. Walumbwa, and Todd J. Weber,
“Leadership: Current Theories, Research, and Future Directions,”
in Susan T. Fiske, Daniel L. Schacter, and Robert Sternberg (eds.),
Annual Review of Psychology 2009
(Palo Alto, CA: Annual
Reviews, 2009), pp. 421–450.
30
Steven Kerr and John M. Jermier, “Substitutes for Leadership:
Their Meaning and Measurement,”
Organizational Behavior and
Human Performance
, December 1978, Vol. 22, No. 3,
pp. 375–403.
31
See Charles C. Manz and Henry P. Sims, Jr., “Leading Workers to
Lead Themselves: The External Leadership of Self-Managing
Work Teams,”
Administrative Science Quarterly
, March 1987,
Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 106–129. See also “Living without a Leader,”
Fortune
, March 20, 2000, pp. 218–219.
32
See Robert J. House, “A 1976 Theory of Charismatic Leadership,”
in J. G. Hunt and L. L. Larson (eds.),
Leadership: The Cutting
Edge
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1977),
pp. 189–207. See also Jay A. Conger and Rabindra N. Kanungo,
“Toward a Behavioral Theory of Charismatic Leadership in
Organizational Settings,”
Academy of Management Review
,
October 1987, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 637–647.
33
Stratford P. Sherman, “Donald Trump Just Won’t Die,”
Fortune
,
August 13, 1990, pp. 75–79.
34
David A. Nadler and Michael L. Tushman, “Beyond the
Charismatic Leader: Leadership and Organizational Change,”
California Management Review
, Winter 1990, Vol. 32, No. 2,
pp. 77–97.
35
Jane Howell and Boas Shamir, “The Role of Followers in the
Charismatic Leadership Process: Relationships and Their Con-
sequences,”
Academy of Management Review
, 2005, Vol. 30,
No. 1, pp. 96–112.
36
James MacGregor Burns,
Leadership
(New York: Harper & Row,
1978). See also A. N. Pieterse, D. van Knippenberg, M. Schippers,
and D. Stam, “Transformational and Transactional Leadership
and Innovative Behavior: The Role of Psychological Empower-
ment,”
Journal of Organizational Behavior
, May 2010, Vol. 32,
No. 4, pp. 609–623.
37
Robert Rubin, David Munz, and William Bommer, “Leading
from Within: The Effects of Emotion Recognition and Person-
ality on Transformational Leadership Behaviors,”
Academy of
Management Journal
, 2005, Vol. 48, No. 5, pp. 845–858.
38
Kenneth Labich, “The Seven Keys to Business Leadership”
Fortune
, October 1988, pp. 97–104.
39
Jerry Useem, “Tape+Light Bulbs=?”
Fortune
, August 12, 2002,
pp. 127–132.
40
Dusya Vera and Mary Crossan, “Strategic Leadership and
Organizational Learning,”
Academy of Management Review
,
2004, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 222–240. See also Cynthia
A. Montgomery, “Putting Leadership Back into Strategy,”
Harvard Business Review
, January 2008, pp. 54–63.
41
“CEO Cook Continues Redesign of Executive Ranks at Apple,”
USA Today
, November 12, 2013, p. 3B.
42
“The Best Performing CEOs in the World,”
Harvard Business
Review
, January–February 2013.
43
“Which of These 9 Grossly Overpaid CEOs Are Worth It?”
seekingalpha.com
, April 20, 2011; and “CEO Mike Jeffries
Overvalues His Own Brand and Loses His Cool,”
About.com
,
September 7, 2012.
44
Tamara Erickson, “The Leaders We Need Now,”
Harvard
Business Review
, May 2010, pp. 62–67.
45
See Kurt Dirks and Donald Ferrin, “Trust in Leadership,”
Journal
of Applied Psychology
, 2002, Vol. 87, No. 4, pp. 611–628. See also
Russell A. Eisenstat, Michael Beer, Nathanial Foote, Tobias
Fredberg, and Flemming Norrgren, “The Uncompromising
Leader,”
Harvard Business Review
, July–August 2008,
pp. 51–59; and Christopher Meyer and Julia Kirby, “Leadership
in the Age of Transparency,”
Harvard Business Review
, April
2010, pp. 38–46.
46
Jeffrey Pfeffer,
Power in Organizations
(Marshfield, MA: Pitman,
1981), p. 7. See also Gerald R. Ferris and Wayne A. Hochwarter,
“Organizational Politics,” in Sheldon Zedeck (ed.),
Handbook of
Industrial and Organizational Psychology
, Vol. 3:
Maintaining,
Expanding, and Contracting the Organization
(Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association, 2010), pp. 435–459.
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