Convenience


Administrative Management



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Administrative Management
Whereas scientific management deals with the jobs of
individual employees,
administrative management
focuses on managing the total orga-
nization. The primary contributors to administrative management were Henri Fayol
(1841–1925), Lyndall Urwick (1891–1983), and Max Weber (1864–1920).
Henri Fayol was administrative management’s most articulate spokesperson. A French
industrialist, Fayol was unknown to U.S. managers and scholars until his most important
work,
General and Industrial Management
, was translated into English in 1930.
27
Draw-
ing on his own managerial experience, he attempted to systematize management practice
to provide guidance and direction to other managers. Fayol was also the first to identify
the specific managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. He
believed that these functions accurately reflect the core of the management process.
Most contemporary management books (including this one) still use this framework,
and practicing managers agree that these functions are critical parts of their jobs.
After a career as a British army officer, Lyndall Urwick became a noted management
theorist and consultant. He integrated scientific management with the work of Fayol and
Develop a science
for each element of
the job to replace old
rule-of-thumb methods
Scientifically select
employees and then
train them to do the job
as described in step 1
Supervise employees
to make sure they
follow the prescribed
methods for performing
their jobs
Continue to plan 
the work, but use 
workers to get the 
work done
2
1
4
3
F I G U R E 1 . 3
Steps in Scientific Management
Frederick Taylor developed this system of scientific management, which he believed would lead to a more
efficient and productive workforce. Bethlehem Steel was among the first organizations to profit from
scientific management and still practices some parts of it today.

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