Convenience


Empowerment and Participation



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Empowerment and Participation
Empowerment and participation represent important methods that managers can use to
enhance employee motivation.
Empowerment
is the process of enabling workers to set
their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of respon-
sibility and authority.
Participation
is the process of giving employees a voice in making
decisions about their own work. Thus, empowerment is a somewhat broader concept
that promotes participation in a wide variety of areas, including but not limited to
work itself, work context, and work environment.
27
The role of participation and empowerment in motivation can be expressed in terms
of both content perspectives and expectancy theory. Employees who participate in
decision making may be more committed to executing decisions properly. Furthermore,
the successful process of making a decision, executing it, and then seeing the positive
consequences can help satisfy one’s need for achievement, provide recognition
and responsibility, and enhance self-esteem. Simply being asked to participate in organi-
zational decision making may also enhance an employee’s self-esteem. In addition,
participation should help clarify expectancies; that is, by participating in decision
making, employees may better understand the linkage between their performance and
the rewards they want most. The “At Your Service” feature highlights the importance
of empowerment in service organizations.
Alternative Forms of Work Arrangements
Many organizations today are also experimenting with a variety of alternative
work arrangements. These alternative arrangements are generally intended to enhance
employee
motivation
and
performance
by
providing employees
with
greater
variable-ratio
schedule
Provides
reinforcement after
varying numbers
of behaviors are
performed, such
as the use of
compliments by a
supervisor on an
irregular basis

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