Convenience


Technical Versus Managerial Innovations



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Technical Versus Managerial Innovations
Technical innovations
are changes in
the physical appearance or performance of a product or service or of the physical pro-
cesses through which a product or service is manufactured. Many of the most important
innovations over the last 50 years have been technical. For example, the serial replace-
ment of the vacuum tube with the transistor, the transistor with the integrated circuit,
and the integrated circuit with the microchip have greatly enhanced the power, ease of
use, and speed of operation of a wide variety of electronic products. Not all innovations
developed by organizations are technical, however.
Managerial innovations
are changes
in the management process by which products and services are conceived, built, and
delivered to customers.
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They do not necessarily affect the physical appearance or per-
formance of products or services directly. In effect, reengineering, as we discussed earlier,
represents a managerial innovation.
Product Versus Process Innovations
Perhaps the two most important types of
technical innovations are
product innovations
and process innovations. Product innova-
tions are changes in the physical characteristics or performance of existing products or
services or the creation of brand-new products or services.
Process innovations
are
changes in the way products or services are manufactured, created, or distributed.
Whereas managerial innovations generally affect the broader context of development,
process innovations directly affect manufacturing.
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The original iPhones and iPads were in many ways radical
innovations in that they redefined product categories. Each
subsequent generation of these products, however, such as the
iPad Air shown here, are incremental innovations that take
previous versions and introduce relatively minor improvements
and/or new design features.

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