Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

interacting group
or team
A decision-making
group or team in
which members
openly discuss,
argue about, and
agree on the best
alternative
Delphi group
A form of group
decision making in
which a group
arrives at a
consensus of
expert opinion
116
Part 2:
Planning
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paper-and-pencil responses obtained and shared through the mail, modern communica-
tion technologies such as e-mail and the Internet have enabled Delphi users to get
answers much more quickly than in the past.
Nominal Groups
Another useful group and team decision-making technique that is
occasionally used is the
nominal group
. Unlike the Delphi method, in which group
members do not see one another, nominal group members are brought together in a
face-to-face setting. The members represent a group in name only, however; they do
not talk to one another freely like the members of interacting groups. Nominal groups
are used most often to generate creative and innovative alternatives or ideas. To begin,
the manager assembles a group of knowledgeable experts and outlines the problem to
them. The group members are then asked to individually write down as many alterna-
tives as they can think of. The members then take turns stating their ideas, which are
recorded on a flip chart or board at the front of the room. Discussion is limited to simple
clarification. After all alternatives have been listed, more open discussion takes place.
Group members then vote, usually by rank, ordering the various alternatives. The
highest-ranking alternative represents the decision of the group. Of course, the manager
in charge may retain the authority to accept or reject the group decision.
40
To increase the chances that a group or team decision will be successful, managers
must learn how to manage the process of group and team decision making. Federal
Express and IBM are increasingly using groups and teams for decision making.

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