Convenience

f
goal specificity, 303
gossip chain, 376
f
grapevine, 375–377, 376
f
grievance procedure, 248
group, defined, 394
group and team decision making, 116–118
advantages of, 117, 117
t
disadvantages of, 117
t
, 118
forms of, 116–117
managing, 118
group development, stages of, 400–402, 401
f
groups and teams.
See
work groups and teams
groupthink, 118
H
halo error, 239
Hard Facts, Dangerous Half-Truths, and Total
Nonsense
(Pfeffer and Sutton), 110
Hawthorne studies, 15–16
H-form approach.
See
conglomerate (H-form)
design
high-performance teams, 397
horizontal communication, 370, 370
f
HRM.
See
human resource management
(HRM)
human capital, 226
human relations movement, 16–17, 16
t
human resource management (HRM), 223–257
attracting qualified people and, 230–234
challenges facing, 249–251
defined, 226
employee development and, 234–240
environmental context of, 226–230
labor relations and, 229–230, 246–248
legal environment of, 227–229, 227
t
maintaining workforce and, 240–244
strategic importance of, 226
workforce diversity and, 244–246
human resource planning, 230–234, 231
f
job analysis, 230–231
supply and demand, 231–232
human resources.
See also
individual headings
attracting, 230–234
developing, 234–240
maintaining, 240–244
recruiting, 232–233
selecting, 233–234
human resources, attracting, 230–234
demand and supply, forecasting, 231–232,
231
f
job analysis and, 230–231
supply and demand, matching, 232
human resources, developing, 234–240
performance appraisal, 237–239, 238
f
, 239
f
performance feedback, 239–240
training and development, 235
human resources, maintaining, 240–244
benefits and, 243–244
compensation and, 240
individual wage and, 243
wage-level and, 242
wage structure and, 242–243
hygiene factors, 297, 298
f
I
Iliad
(Homer), 11
importing
advantages/disadvantages of, 52
t
defined, 52
impression management, 349–350
incentive reward systems, 311–312
incentives, 240
income statement, 440
incremental innovations, 211
incubation stage of creativity, 280–281
indirect compensation, 243
individual behavior in organizations, 260–289.
See also
workplace behavior
attitudes and, 269–271
creativity and, 279–282
individual differences and, 264
perception and, 272–273
personality and, 264–268, 265
f
person-job fit and, 263
psychological contract and, 262–263, 263
f
stress and, 273–279, 275
f
individual differences, 264
individual human needs, 298–299
individual productivity, 479
individual wage decisions, 243
inducements, 262, 263
f
, 349
industries, small business
construction, 134
f
, 136
finance, 134
f
, 136–137
insurance, 134
f
, 136–137
manufacturing, 134
f
, 137–138
retailing, 134, 134
f
services, 133–134, 134
f
transportation, 134
f
, 137
wholesaling, 134
f
, 137
industry productivity, 479
informal communication, 375–379, 375
f
grapevine as, 375–377, 376
f
management by wandering around as, 377
nonverbal communication as, 377–379
informal group, 394–395, 395
f
informal leader, 409
information
accurate, 365
characteristics of, 365–366
complete, 365
defined, 364–365
relevant, 366
systems, 371–374
timely, 365
information technology (IT), 371
ethics and, 46
in-group, 344
initiating-structure behavior, 332
innovation, 132–133, 209–214
defined, 209
failure reasons for, 212–214
forms of, 210–212
process, 209–210, 209
f
innovation application, 209
f
, 210
innovation decline, 209
f
, 210
innovation development, 209, 209
f
innovation maturity, 209
f
, 210
in-process sampling, 478
insight stage of creativity, 281
integration, 176
intentional component, of attitude, 269
interacting groups or teams, 116
interest group, 40, 394–395, 395
f
intergroup conflict, 411
internal environment
board of directors and, 42
defined, 37
employees and, 42
organization’s, 41–42
owners and, 41–42
physical work environment as, 42
internal forces, for organization change,
194–195
internal recruiting, 232–233
international business, context of, 53–56
controls on trade and, 54–55
cultural environment, 53–54
economic communities and, 55–56
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT) and, 56
World Trade Organization (WTO) and, 56
international environment of management,
51–56
business trends and, 51
context of, 53–56
entrepreneurship and, 141–142
levels of business activity and, 51–53, 52
t
international trade, controls on, 54–55
interorganizational conflict, 412
interpersonal communication, 367–368
interpersonal conflict, 409–411
interpersonal demands, stress and, 276
interpersonal problem solving, 414
interpersonal skills
building effective, 59, 91–92, 285–286, 318,
353–354, 385–386
defined, 8
interrole conflict, 403
interviews, 234
intranets, 374
in-transit inventory, 472, 472
t
intrapreneurs, 213–214
intrapreneurship, 213–214
intrarole conflict, 403
intrasender conflict, 403
intuition, 113
inventor, 214
inventory control, 472–473, 472
t
ISO 9000:2000, 478
ISO 14000, 478
Subject Index
513
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J
job analysis, 230–231
job-centered leader behavior, 332
job characteristics approach, 164, 165
f
job creation, 131, 132
f
job enlargement, 163
job enrichment, 164
job evaluation, 242
job rotation, 162
job satisfaction or dissatisfaction,
269–270
job sharing, 309
job specialization, 162–164
alternatives to, 162–164
benefits and limitations of, 162
defined, 162
Johari Window, 28–29
joint venture
advantages/disadvantages of, 52
t
defined, 53
judging
versus
perceiving, 266
just-in-time (JIT) method, 472–473