Contents Units u nit grammar Present simple, present continuous, stative verbs Unit Grammar Past simple, past continuous, used to u nit Vocabulary Fun and games r I ui u nit 4 Grammar Pages



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Grammar
Relative clauses
sO Relative pronouns
We use relative pronouns in relative clauses.
We use relative clauses to give more information about something, without having to start a new sentence.
That man over there is called Bill Gates. He started Microsoft.---------►
That man over there, 
who’s 
called Bill Gates, started Microsoft.
Use
Exam ple
who for people
What's the name of the man 
who 
created the Internet?
which for things and animals
The experiment 
which 
worked was the last one.
where for places
This is the town 
where 
Albert Einstein was born.
whose to show possession
That’s the man 
whose 
sister discovered a new planet.
We can use who for animals when we give them a personality.
/ Our dog, 
who's 
called Benji, is eight years old.
When there is a relative pronoun, remember not to repeat the subject/object. 
What's the name of the man 
who he 
created the World Wide Web?
X This is the experiment 
which 
I'm doing 
it 
at the moment.
0
Non-defining relative clauses
Non-defining relative clauses give extra information. The sentence makes sense without the relative clause. 
That man over there, 
who 
is called Bill Gates, started Microsoft.
If we remove the relative clause, the sentence still makes sense:
That man over there started Microsoft.
Use 
Exam ple
------------------------------------------------------------------
To give extra information 
This program, 
which 
is totally free,
protects your computer against viruses.
We use commas with non-defining 
relative clauses.
/ Carl, whose sister is famous, is a 
friend of mine.
(©Defining relative clauses
"X
Defining relative clauses give very important information. If we remove a defining relative clause, the sentence 
doesn’t make sense.
Imagine that there are lots of people in a room. Only one of them is wearing a blue shirt.
The person 
who 
is wearing the blue shirt started Microsoft.
If we remove the relative clause, we won't know which person it is.
The person started Microsoft.
Use
Exam ple
To define who or what 
we are talking about
This is the TV 
which 
works. This is the TV 
which 
doesn't work.
a

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