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The object of the research work is that to identify the multiculturalism in English literatures and define the anti-colonial novels in American literatures. This article documented the forms of cultural and social analysis of anthropology and the epistemological and material changes of the global empire and its subsequent life with its help, and noted its complexity in theory.
The subject of the course work is that I have tried to show the transition from colonial pluralism to post-colonial multiculturalism, in which nationalist leaders used collective practices, created scripts for cultural identities, and transformed into transcultures.
The structure of the course paper. This course work consists of an introduction, two chapters, four paragraphs, a conclusion, a list of references. In the first chapter there is given information about representative of postcolonial period in American literature. From the second chapter you can be known about multiculturalism in English literature. So far in conclusion it is tried to explain the final thoughts about American literature and multiculturalism.
CHAPTER 1. Postcolonial period in American literature
Representatives of Postcolonial period in American literature
Post-colonial literature is the literature of the former colonial peoples. Occurs on all continents except Antarctica. Post-colonial literature often deals with the problems and consequences of the country's decolonization, especially the political and cultural independence of formerly enslaved peoples, as well as racism and colonialism. Several literary theories have been developed around this topic. He explores the role of literature in perpetuating and fighting what post-colonial critic Edward Said called cultural imperialism.
Immigrant literature and post-colonial literature are largely compatible. However, not all migration occurs under colonial conditions, and not all post-colonial literature is about migration. The current contentious issue is to what extent the post-colonial theory speaks to the literature on migration in non-colonial conditions.
A good way to begin any definition of postcolonial literature is to think about the origins of the term “postcolonialism” and how it has been used in literary criticism since the late 1980s. The term is sometimes underlined, and sometimes left unlined, these two forms are used by different critics to refer to the same areas of interest. The version, first hyphenated by political scientists and economists, was used to refer to the post-colonial period, but since the late 1970s it has become a broader cultural analysis in the hands of literary critics and others. The hyphenated version is usually used to distinguish it from previous iterations that only apply to a particular time period and to show a tendency to analyze literary criticism and various speeches at the intersection of race, gender, and diaspora. other things.1
A possible job description of post-colonialism is that it involves the study of the colonial experience and its past and present consequences both at the local level of former colonial societies and at the level of general global events to be considered later. consequences of empire. Postcolonialism often involves discussing experiences such as slavery, migration, oppression, and resistance, difference, race, gender, and place, as well as responses to imperial European discourses such as history, philosophy, anthropology, and linguistics. The term refers to both the conditions of imperialism and colonialism, as well as the conditions after the historical end of colonialism. Among post-colonial critics are growing concerns about racial minorities in the West, including Native and African Americans in the United States, British Asians and Afro-Caribbeans in the United Kingdom , aborigines in Australia and Canada, and more. Because of these features, postcolonialism allows for a broader application of the meaning of historical transition, signifying a constant interaction and shift between socio-cultural place and period configuration. Edward Said’s Oriental Studies (1978) is key in shaping postcolonial research. In Oriental studies, Said claimed that there was a direct link between the knowledge created by Eastern scholars and how it was redistributed in the colonial constitution.
But it must be acknowledged that whatever the events that led to the formation of post-colonial science, it should be viewed as a more distant process rather than a series of events with central impulses of the process. derived from various sources, sometimes unrelated to colonialism. They can be observed in different directions, for example, in the changing face of global politics with the emergence of new independent states; In a wide-ranging reassessment of the exclusive forms of Western thought that began in the 1980s and in their understanding of their connection with imperial expansion and colonial rule; In debates about empiricism and culturalism in the social sciences since the 1960s; and in the problems associated with the dominant speeches of representation in feminist, homosexual, lesbian, and ethnic studies in the 1970s and 1980s.
Postcolonial literature represents all of these conditions and comes from a variety of sources and inspirations. It includes Samuel Beckett's Murphy, Gabriel Garcia Marquez's One Hundred Years of Loneliness, Salmon Rushdie's Children of the Midnight, Chinua Achebe's Poems Break, and Taib. Saliha's Migration to the North, Tony Morrison's favorite work, JM Koetzi's "Waiting for the Barbarians," "The English Patient," Michael Ondaatje, Arundhati Roy's "God of Little Things," " We Need New Names," "White teeth ”- Zadi Smith and“ Ingolo ”. “Here are the dreamers,” Mbue et al. Shakespeare’s Othello, Anthony and Cleopatra , and The Storm were adopted as the main texts for the application of post-colonial analytical methods. This suggests that post-colonial literature is a broad term that encompasses the literature of people in the former colonial world as well as various minority diasporas living in the West . Postcolonialism was also a term used to reconsider Western canonical literature from a variety of new and diverse perspectives.
The study of Philippine-American literature offers a scope for post-colonial discourse and a place to unite the literary efforts of “ angry ” or “ethnic” Americans. This crossroads , based on the unstable status of the United States as a colonial power , calls into question the need to redistribute these efforts (before the American invasion, the Philippines was under Spanish rule for three centuries). America’s annexation of the Philippines occurred after two separate wars, the Spanish-American War (1898) and the Philippine-American War (1899-1902). U.S. colonial rule over the archipelago weakened during the Commonwealth from 1935 to 1946, after which the Philippines gained independence. Moreover, colonial issues are complicated by the fact that the Philippines experienced forced “free trade” with the United States for decades before and even after independence.1
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