Contents introduction Chapter I. The Age of Enlightenment

1.2. Enlightenment English Literature
The historical development of England is characterized by the fact that the most important events took place in the 17th century. These included the bourgeois revolution of the mid-17th century, the assassination of King Charles, Cromwell's military dictatorship, the restoration of the Stuart monarchy, and the Great Revolution of 1688-1689, followed by William Orange. power. This power is in fact a compromise between the middle class - the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy - large landowners. Political power remained in the hands of these large landowners, and the struggle for its redistribution determined social life in eighteenth-century England (the Whigs and the Tories). The beginning of the Enlightenment in England coincided with the beginning of the glorious revolution. In general, the English Enlightenment was relatively moderate. The constitutional monarchy was adopted by the British themselves and the inhabitants of other European countries as a developed state system, and England as a country of law and order (English theme in French and German literature) (Economic growth). , conquest of colonies, struggle for dominance in American colonies)¹
Periods of Enlightenment in England:
1. From the end of the 17th century to the 1730s - the first stage
2. 17409-50 years - a mature stage
3. 1760-1790 - evening phase.
(The Struggle between Materialism and Idealism in English Philosophy, Locke's Sensationalism. Locke opposed the unlimited royal power, the right of the people to overthrow the oppressors. Locke was a proponent of deism. Locke's followers were A. Shaftsbury and B. Mandeville. In his book Human Characteristics, Morality, and Views, Sheftsbury proved the unity of truth, goodness, and beauty, and the dominance of the mind over passions. 'kidlagan. contribute to the development of society because they stimulate people’s activism (“The Tale of the Bees”) The two ideological currents in the English Enlightenment stem from the teachings of Shaftesbury and Mandeville. Shaftesbury supporters (Addison, Steele, A. Pope) came out of an optimistic view of human nature. The followers of Mandeville (Gay, Swift) saw the foundation of society in the selfishness of human nature.)
The leading genres of early English enlightenment literature were poetry, tragedy, comedy, and essay. (Adison and Style publicism, journals. Types of English society in journals and their development in fiction) A. Pope’s heroic-humorous poem “The Cut Lock” (about Pope Byron). 1714 English Enlightenment Classicism in the Theater (J. Lillo)
Mature Enlightenment realism was first and foremost reflected in prose - Richardson's epistolary novels laid the foundation for the genre of family and domestic romance, and G. Fielding's Koim.
The literature of the last period of the Enlightenment is characterized by sentimentalism (Landscape Lyrics, Thomson, Young and Gray's "Graveyard Poetry"; L. Stern's "Sentimental Journey" (1768). McPherson's Poetry as an English Phenomenon .before Romanticism (J. McPherson's "Ossian Songs").
Another phenomenon of pre-Romanticism is the Gothic novel, initiated by Horace Walpole ("Castle of Otranto", 1764), the tradition of which is continued by Anna Radcliffe, William Beckford, and completed by Maturin ("Traveler Melmot, 1820").
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)
Major works by Defoe:
"The Thoroughbred Englishman" (1701) satire; "The General History of Trade" (1713)
"The Life and Strange, Wonderful Adventures of Robinson Crusoe" (1719),
"Moth Flanders" (1772)
"Colonel Jack" (1772)
"Captain Singleton" (1720)
"Robinson Crusoe" (analysis)
The image of the protagonist is a person in general and a bourgeois, life experience and work, the path of human civilization on the scale of one human life. Robinson as a representative of civilization and Friday. Robinson on the island and in England are two sides of the image of the representative of the bourgeoisie. Robinson's diary. Communication with civilization (the ship has not sunk yet).
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)
Political activities of Swift in England and Ireland. "Dispute" Swift with Defoe. The theme of a man who went to sea is the image of a modern Englishman.
Swift's main works:
"The Tale of the Barrel" and "The Battle of the Books" (1704), "Gulliver's Travels" (1721-1725)
"Gulliver's Travels" (analysis)
From Robinson to Gulliver - the evolution of the hero from the practical to the reflective.¹