Content Introduction

Five Basic Writing Skills Students Should Learn Early On
1. Proper Spelling and Punctuation

One of the first challenges young students face when learning how to write is understanding how to use proper spelling and punctuation.

This should come as no surprise—written language is very different than spoken language and has its own unique rules. Furthermore, the English language is notorious for its challenging quirks and many inconsistencies. However, proper spelling and punctuation are the foundation for all effective written communication and it’s imperative for kids to learn them (even in the age of spellcheck and autocorrect!).
2. Good Reading Comprehension

Before kids can write, they need to be able to read—which is why good reading comprehension is such an important skill to have. Reading comprehension entails many things, but at its root, it is the ability to read a piece of writing and effectively glean its meaning.

For young students, that means they need to be able to:
Read and know the meaning of many of the words in the text

Sound out or somehow look up the meaning of words they don’t know

Understand how the words in a sentence, paragraph, or full piece of work relate to one another—and what they mean when taken as a whole entity.
Once kids have begun to grasp the concept of reading at a base level, they should also begin learning how to think critically about the work and infer meaning from what is or isn’t said as a part of good reading comprehension.
3. Sentence and Paragraph Structure

In order to further develop their basic writing skills, students must also learn about the structure of writing—namely, how to construct a proper sentence and paragraph.

This skill is aided substantially through reading practice, but it’s especially important to focus on it deliberately because it is an area of writing many children struggle with. As kids learn to write, they often have a tough time with things like proper tense, placing modifiers and verbs in the correct places, or writing incomplete and run-on sentences.

In order to help develop this skill, be sure to teach your students about the various parts of speech and the role that different types of sentences (declarative, descriptive, inquisitive, etc.) play in writing.

4. Knowledge of Different Types of Writing

Once students have a firmer grasp on composing clear sentences and paragraphs, they can begin learning about different types and genres of writing. To communicate effectively, students should be able to write in different styles and tailor their messages to an appropriate audience.

For example, if a student is writing a short story, the work should include aspects like a setting, plot, dialogue, character descriptions, and a resolution or ending. A research essay should include a thesis statement, facts, supporting arguments, and citations—while a persuasive essay should also include appeals to logic or emotion that would be out of place in a more academic piece of writing.

Ultimately, learning when and how to use various elements in a given piece of work is an important basic writing skill that all young students should learn.

5. Editing and Rewriting

Experienced writers will tell you that above all else, writing is rewriting—which means that the first draft of anything is very rarely what should make it out into the world. Truly quality writing is born in the revision process, and thus, the ability to edit and rewrite is perhaps the most important basic writing skill of all that kids should learn.

The other sub- skills of writing:
1. Manipulating the script of the language: handwriting, spelling and punctuation.

2. Expressing grammatical [syntactic and morphological] relationships at the sentence level.

3. Expressing relationships between parts of a written text through cohesive devices [especially through grammatical devices such as noun-pronoun reference].

4. Using markers in written discourse, in particular:

1. 
   introducing an idea
   
2. 
   developing an idea
   
3. 
   transition to another idea
   
4. 
   concluding an idea
   
5. 
   emphasising a point [and indicating main or important information]
   
6. 
   explaining or clarifying a point already made
   
7. 
   anticipating an objection or contrary view
   

5. Expressing the communicative function of written sentences:

1. 
   using explicit markers
   
2. 
   without using explicit markers
   

6. 
   Expressing information or knowledge in writing:
   

-explicitly

-implicitly

6. 
   Expressing conceptual meaning
   

8. Planning and organising written information in expository language

• 
  narrative
  
• 
  straight description of phenomena or ideas
  
• 
  descriptions of process or change of state
  
• 
  argument
  

Speaking
The ability to speak confidently and fluently is something which children will develop during their time at school, and something that will help them throughout their life.

Speaking skills are defined as the skills which allow us to communicate effectively. They give us the ability to convey information verbally and in a way that the listener can understand.

Children will learn English speaking skills as well as speaking skills in other languages, in primary and secondary school. Learning how to develop English speaking skills is so important for ESL students and EAL students too. It's one of the most important parts of language learning as speaking is how we tend to communicate in everyday life.

Speaking is an interactive process where information is shared, and if necessary, acted upon by the listener. So, it’s important to develop both speaking and listening skills in order to communicate effectively.

Sub- skills of speaking
1. Manipulating the script of the language: handwriting, spelling and punctuation.

2. Expressing grammatical [syntactic and morphological] relationships at the sentence level.

3. Expressing relationships between parts of a written text through cohesive devices [especially through grammatical devices such as noun-pronoun reference].

4. Using markers in written discourse, in particular:

1. 
   introducing an idea
   
2. 
   developing an idea
   
3. 
   transition to another idea
   
4. 
   concluding an idea
   
5. 
   emphasising a point [and indicating main or important information]
   
6. 
   explaining or clarifying a point already made
   
7. 
   anticipating an objection or contrary view
   

5. Expressing the communicative function of written sentences:

using explicit markers

without using explicit markers

6. Expressing information or knowledge in writing:
-explicitly

-implicitly

7. Expressing conceptual meaning

8. Planning and organising written information in expository language

• 
  narrative
  
• 
  straight description of phenomena or ideas
  
• 
  descriptions of process or change of state
  
• 
  Argument