Content History of the origin and development of archery

Archery


Archery is an Olympic sport in which athletes compete in archery accuracy. The winner in archery is the athlete or team that scores more points, according to the rules of the competition. Archery competitions are held between both men and women.



Content History of the origin and development of archery
Archery Rules Gear and equipmentRefereeingarchery competition The International Archery Federation (Federation internationale de tir a l'arc, FITA) is a federation that unites 140 national federations, headquartered in Lausanne (Switzerland). The federation was founded in 1931. European and Mediterranean Archery Union (EMAU). Russian Archery Federation (RFSL). History of the origin and development of archery It was not possible to establish the exact time of the appearance of the bow, as well as the places of its appearance. It is known for sure that people used bows at the end of the Stone Age and used them for hunting as a weapon. Thanks to onions, people were able to get their own meat food. ADVERTISING About 3 thousand years ago, the bow began to be used not only for hunting, but also as a weapon. Archers were greatly appreciated, as they could hit targets several hundred meters away. Later, bows were replaced by firearms, it was during this period that sports archery began to develop. In 1900, the first official archery competitions were held, and this happened at the second Olympic Games. Until 1972, this discipline was considered optional, in some years it was included in the program of the Olympic Games, but in some it was not. Despite the competition, there was no governing body for archery. The International Archery Federation (FITA) was established only in 1931 in Poland, and it subsequently developed the rules for the competition. In the mid-eighties, duels were introduced, which were supposed to increase the spectacle of the competition. In 1988, team competitions were added to them. Since 2000, the rules of archery have been constantly changing, and every Olympic Games are held with changes in the program.
Archery Rules Archery competitions are held both outdoors and indoors. Shooting at competitions is carried out in series of 3 or 6 arrows. According to FITA standards, a series of 3 arrows is given 2 minutes, and a series of 6 arrows is 4 minutes.
At all competitions, qualification is first carried out, and then, among the remaining athletes, according to the Olympic system, the winner is played. This system is also relevant for the World and European Championships. Archery is fired at FITA approved targets. Archery targets are made of paper with concentric circles of different colors depicted on it. Targets are attached to special shields, which are made of durable material that prevents arrows from passing through. The size of the target depends on the competitive distance. Inside the "ten" there is another circle of half the diameter, it is necessary to resolve controversial situations of equality of points and to fix world records. archery distances Indoors, shooting is carried out from distances of 18, 30 or 50 meters (for men and women). Outdoor target distances are 30, 50, 70 and 90 meters for men and 30, 50, 60 and 70 meters for women. At the Olympic Games, archery is only carried out from a distance of 70 meters.



Gear and equipment The main element of the equipment, of course, is the bow. In official competitions under the auspices of FITA in target shooting, two types of professional bows are used: Shooting from a (traditional) classic bow (recurve bow). The pulling force of such a bow is about 15-20 kg. The speed of the arrow reaches 240 km / h. This bow is used in the Olympic Games. Compound bow shooting. In such bows, a special mechanism is used, which provides the arrow with more correct acceleration, and also facilitates the process of drawing the bow. Tension force is about 25-30 kg. The speed of an arrow from such a bow reaches 320 km / h. A fully equipped bow usually weighs between three and a half and four and a half kilograms.



Modern sports arrows are composite (tip, shaft, shank, plumage). For archers, the fit of arrows is very important. They must satisfy a lot of individual qualities, primarily the length of the arms. Arrows are stored in a special arrow quiver.

A release is a trigger. With it, the archer grabs the bowstring, and then, at the right moment, releases it. The release minimizes the grip area of ​​the bowstring, which in turn reduces bowstring deformation at full draw and thus increases shooting stability.



An archery gauntlet is a bracer that protects the archer's forearm from being hit by a bowstring.


Refereeing The number of judges at the boards should not be less than three, usually one judge is assigned to 7 boards. The responsibilities of judges include: checking all field sizes and distances, sizes of targets and shields, target height; checking the equipment of athletes; firing control; recording results; resolving emerging issues; interruption of the competition if necessary; consideration of complaints and requests. archery competition The Olympic Games are the most prestigious archery competition, held every four years. The World Outdoor Archery Championship is held every odd year. The Outdoor Archery World Cup is held annually.