Etymology
The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, named the
islands
Staten Land
, believing they were part of the
Staten Landt
that Jacob Le Maire had
sighted off the southern end of South America.
[13][14]
Hendrik Brouwer proved that the
South American land was a small island in 1643, and Dutch cartographers subsequently
renamed Tasman's discovery
Nova Zeelandia
from Latin, after the Dutch
province of Zeeland.
[13][15]
This name was later anglicised to New Zealand.
[16][17]
This was written as
Nu Tireni
in the Māori language. In 1834 a document written in
Māori and entitled "
He Wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni
" was translated
into English and became the Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand. It was
prepared by
Te W(h)akaminenga o Nga Rangatiratanga o Nga Hapu o Nu Tireni
,
the United Tribes of New Zealand, and a copy was sent to King William IV who had
already acknowledged the flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, and who recognised
the declaration in a letter from Lord Glenelg.
Aotearoa
(pronounced [aɔˈtɛaɾɔa] in Māori and /ˌaʊtɛəˈroʊ.ə/ in English; often translated
as 'land of the long white cloud')
[20]
is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is
unknown whether Māori had a name for the whole country before the arrival of
Europeans;
Aotearoa
originally referred to just the North Island.
[21]
Māori had several
traditional names for the two main islands, including
Te Ika-a-Māui
('the fish of Māui')
for the North Island and
Te Waipounamu
('the waters of greenstone') or
Te Waka o
Aoraki
('the canoe of Aoraki') for the South Island.
[22]
Early European maps labelled the
islands North (North Island), Middle (South Island) and South (Stewart Island
/ Rakiura).
[23]
In 1830, mapmakers began to use "North" and "South" on their maps to
distinguish the two largest islands, and by 1907 this was the accepted norm.
[17]
The New
Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and
South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were
formalised in 2013. This set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South
Island or Te Waipounamu.
[24]
For each island, either its English or Māori name can be
used, or both can be used together.
[24]
Similarly the Māori and English names for the
whole country are sometimes used together (Aotearoa New Zealand);
[25][26]
however, this
has no official recognition.
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