Conjunction is Theoretical Grammar

1.2 The nature of clause
can be complex and include a main clause, what we call main sentence, or a subordinate clause, what we call clause. There are 3 types of clauses: noun clauses, adjectival clauses and adverbial clauses.clauses: A clause which acts as the subject or object (O) or as the complement (C, atributo in Spanish) Adjectival or Relative clauses: They refer to nouns (generally) and therefore perform the same syntactic function as the preceding noun or antecedent, this means they are PART of whatever syntactic function that noun performs in the sentence. For instance, The girl who is eating prawns is Russian, who is eating prawns is the relative clause which is modifying «girl», so the subject of is Russian is the whole idea The girl who is eating prawns. Likewise, I don’t like the film we saw last night has the relative clause we saw last night modifying film, so the object of the main sentence (I don’t like) is the film we saw last night, and not the film only.clauses are complementos circunstanciales. There are different types: time clauses, (CCT), place (CCL), manner (CCM), comparison, reason or cause (CCC), purpose (CCF), result (consecutivas), conditional, concession.can be finite or non-finite. In other words, they may have a finite verb (a verb with a subject in a tense) or a non-finite verb (an infinitive, a present participle [-ing] or a past participle, no subject) [21, p. 87].clause is a part of a sentence. There are two main types: independent (main clauses), dependent (subordinate clauses).Clausesindependent clause is a complete sentence; it contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought in both context and meaning.example: The door opened.clauses can be joined by a coordinating conjunction to form complex or compound sentences.example: Take two independent clauses and join them together with the conjunction and: «The door opened.» «The man walked in.» = The door opened and the man walked in.Clausesdependent (subordinate) clause is part of a sentence; it contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. They can make sense on their own, but, they are dependent on the rest of the sentence for context and meaning. They are usually joined to an independent clause to form a complex sentence.clauses often begin with a subordinating conjunction or relative pronoun (see below) that makes the clause unable to stand alone.example:
The door opened because the man pushed it.
Dependent clauses can be nominal, adverbial or adjectival.nominal clause (noun clause) functions like a noun or noun phrase. It is a group of words containing a subject and a finite verb of its own and contains one of the following: that | if | whetherexample:
I wondered whether the homework was necessary.
Noun clauses answer questions like «who(m)?» or «what?»adverbial clause (adverb clause) is a word or expression in the sentence that functions as an adverb; that is, it tells you something about how the action in the verb was done. An adverbial clause is separated from the other clauses by any of the following subordinating conjunctions: after | although | as | because | before | if | since | that | though | till | unless | until | when | where | whileexample:
They will visit you before they go to the airport.
Adverbial clauses can also be placed before the main clause without changing the meaning.example:
Before they go to the airport, they will visit you.
When an adverb clause introduces the sentence (as this one does), it is set off with a comma.clauses answer questions like «when?», «where?», «why?»adjectival clause (adjective clause or relative clause) does the work of an adjective and describes a noun, it's usually introduced by a relative pronoun: who | whom | whose | that | whichexample:
I went to the show that was very popular.
This kind of clause is used to provide extra information about the noun it follows. This can be to define something (a defining clause), or provide unnecessary, but interesting, added information (a non-defining clause).example:
The car that is parked in front of the gates will be towed away. (Defining relative clause.)
An Adverb clause is a dependent clause that takes the place of an adverb. An adverb clause answers questions such as when, where, why, with what result, under what conditions, and for what purpose [26].watched a movie last night. 'Last night' is an adverb.watched a movie after I came home. 'After I came home' is the adverb clause in this sentence. It takes the place of the adverb. As you see, the adverb clause is dependent of the main clause «I watched a movie», which is a complete sentence. The adverb clause does the same job as the adverb.contained in the defining relative clause is absolutely essential in order for us to be able to identify the car in question.
My dog, who is grey and white, chased the postman. (Non-defining relative clause)
A non-defining relative clause is separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. If you take away the non-defining clause the basic meaning of the sentence remains intact.example:
My dog chased the postman.
Adjective clauses answer questions like «which?» or «what kind of?»adjective clause functions as an adjective (modifies a noun or pronoun); an adverb clause functions as an adverb (describes a verb, adjective or other adverb); a noun clause is used as a noun (subject of a verb, direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative or object of the preposition).Clause has a subject and a verb, and takes the place of an adjective. An adjective clause must be connected to an independent clause.:
«Faraday first worked as a bottle washer for the famous chemist Humphry Davy, who later had become very jealous of him.»clause: «who later had become very jealous of him.»clause: «Faraday worked as a bottle washer for the famous chemist. The main clause can stand by itself because it expresses a complete thought.»
«Faraday discovered that electricity moves through wire.» In this sentence, conductivity of wire is not mentioned, but it is described as the 'object' of the sentence. This sentence has two independent clauses:first independent clause:» Faraday discovered that». In this sentence 'that» is a clause marker acting as the object of the sentence.second independent clause, «the electricity moves through wire», replaces the object «that» and carries a complete thought.above two clauses are independent because they both have a subject and verb, and impart a complete thought thus an stand alone.difference between a clause and a phrase is that a phrase does not contain a finite verb.data, mentioned above, are summed up in Table 1, given below [27].

Table 1. Types of clauses

Type of CLAUSE	FINITE CLAUSES	NON-FINITE CLAUSES
Noun clauses	[What you said] was great > subject	(Infinitive, Present participle) [To give up at this stage] would be a pity > non-finite noun clause, infinitive, subject [Closing the factory] would mean unemployment for all > non-finite noun clause, gerund, subject
Adjectival Clauses or Relative Clauses	We bought the house [which you had rented] > object, part of the object!	(Infinitive, Present and Past Participles) I have something [to tell you] > non-finite adjectival clause; infinitive The thieves took two bags [containing $2,000] > present participle I couldn't read the instructions [given in the manual] > past participle
Adverbial Clauses*	I shall see you [when we return] > time adverbial	(Infinitive, Present and Past Participles, Perfect Participle) [To speed up the process] she bought a computer > non-finite adverbial clause, infinitive of purpose [While travelling by air], she was taken sick [Given time], she'll do the job extremely well [Having finished their task], they went out for a drink