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Conference Proceedings MIMCS-2020

Conclusion 
WSNs are available with limited source power through their life cycle. Since the battery of the sensor node 
cannot be replaced or recharged, energy preservation occupies first crucial problem in designing WSN infrastructure. 
This paper presents an adaptive routing tech- nique for maximizing WSNs lifetime by combining fuzzy system and 
artificial immune system with the D-Star Lite algorithm. The AIS is used for solving packet LOOP problem and to control 
route direction, so that the packet will not sent far away from the sink. While fuzzy system with the D-Star Lite algorithm 
is used for determining optimum routes for sending data packets. 
The proposed energy efficient routing protocol ensures that optimum paths from nodes towards base station is 
determined along with energy balance. Two topological areas have been used for simulation, which are topological areas 
Safaa Khudair Leabi 

and Turki Younis Abdalla 
2


A1 and A2. Simulations demonstrate that suggested technique has superior performance against the Dijkstra routing. 
Simulation results show an increase in network lifetime of about 0.9290 for area A1 and 1.3754 for area A2. Simulation 
results show that without using artificial immune system for route direction control, the packet delivery ratio is decreased 
to about 0.83 for area A1 and 0.85 for area A2. This prove the importance of introducing artificial immune system for 
route direction control. Our experiments showed that without the use of the artificial immune route direction control, the 
goal of the routing protocol would not be satisfied. Simulation results show that the lifetime is maximized and the energy 
exhaustion is balanced for the proposed routing technique. 
The efficiency of suggested method depicts good contribution in field of maximizing net- work lifetime using 
adaptive techniques. Simulation results prove the generality of the pro- posed technique, so that the proposed routing 
technique could be used for any design framework. 

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