Comparative typology of morphological systems: noun and its grammatical categories in Modern english


Janina Buetkiene Comparative matrix of grammatical categories of the noun in ME and MU (MR)



Download 0,84 Mb.
bet3/3
Sana27.02.2021
Hajmi0,84 Mb.
#60319
1   2   3
Bog'liq
Comparative typology of morphological systems — копия

Janina Buetkiene

Comparative matrix of grammatical categories of the noun in ME and MU (MR)




LANGUAGE

F E A T U R E S

Number

Case

Gender

Animate/ inanimate
  •  

English

+

+(2)

-

-
  •  

Uzbek

+

+(6)

-

-
  •  

Russian

+

+(6)

+

+



LANGUAGE

GENDER TYPES

masculine

Ferminine

neutral
  •  

English

-

-

-
  •  

Uzbek

-

-

-
  •  

Russian

+

+

+

The category of gender of nouns in ME, MU and MR

There are differences between the languages under discussion:

In English and Uzbek the category of gender is a semantic category and not a grammatical one like that of Russian:

It is important to know that in the languages of the world there are three ways of expressing gender of nouns:


  • Morphological
  • Lexical
  • Syntactical

Out of these three possibilities Russian uses all the three ways, but English and Uzbek use only two, that is lexical and syntactic ways, and never use the morphological way: tiger –tigeress, poet poetess; rais – raisa, olim - olima etc are old English and Uzbek words, at present the “ –ess/-a” have become non productive.

  • Out of these three possibilities Russian uses all the three ways, but English and Uzbek use only two, that is lexical and syntactic ways, and never use the morphological way: tiger –tigeress, poet poetess; rais – raisa, olim - olima etc are old English and Uzbek words, at present the “ –ess/-a” have become non productive.
  • So in comparing the gender systems of the three languages Russian may serve as an etalon language.

Grammatical category of number

  • What is typologically important is that the compared languages use different means of expressing the category of number. But not a single of them has to resort to the way of forming the plural of nouns by repeating the word twice like the Indonesian language does( like bahasi-bahasi).



LANGUAGE

WAYS OF EXPRESSING NUMBER

Sound alter nation

Keeping the root as it is

Synthetic (affixal)
  •  

English

+

+

+



Uzbek

-

-

+



Russian

+

+

+

Examples:


Synthetic (affixal)

Boy-boys


Tree -trees

Bola-bolalar

Kitob-kitoblar

Мальчик-мальчики

Sound alternation

Man-men


Mouse-mice

-

Время-времена



Племя-племена

Keeping the root as it is

Fish-fish

Sheep-sheep

-

Метро-метро



Радио-радио

The category of case of nouns in Modern English, Uzbek and Russian




LANGUAGE

CASE TYPES

common

Possessie/genetive

Dative

accusative

Instrumental

Prepositional

Locative-temporative

Ablative (exit)
  •  

English

+

+

-

-

-

-

-

-
  •  

Uzbek

+

+

+

+

-

-

+

+
  •  

Russian

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

English

Common

boy


Genitive

Boy`s

Uzbek


Bosh

(common)


bola

Qaratqich

(possessive)

bolaning


Jo`nalish

(dative)


bolaga

Tushum


(accusative)

bolani


O`rin-payt

(locative)

Bolada

Chiqish


(ablative)

boladan


Russian

Common


(именительный)

мальчик


Possessive

(родительный)

мальчика

Dative


(дательный)

мальчику


Accusative

(винительный)

мальчика

Instrumental

(творительный)

мальчиком

Prepositional

(предложный)



О мальчике

"How can English express case relations other than common and possessive/ genetive"?

English has prepositions which compensate the lacking case forms, word order also functioning as such in the needed cases:

Men Jimga xat yubordim

I sent a letter to Jim -or

I sent Jim a letter

References:

  • Comparative typology of English and Mother Tongue, Lecture materials, PhD G’.M.Hoshimov, Andizhan 2017-2018
  • Грамматика английского языка, В.Л.Каушанская, Р.Л.Ковнер, 4-е издание, Ленинград 1973
  • Comparative typology of The English, Uzbek and Russian languages, M.I.Rasulova, Z.I.Shukurova, Tashkent 2017
  • https://ppt-online.org

Download 0,84 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   2   3




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish