Comparative Linguistics Midterm Test

QUESTION 3:
PRACTICAL TASK:
Select two languages for comparative analysis, the first language should be native language (Uzbek/Russian/Tajik), the second should be one of the foreign languages being studied (English/Chinese/French).

PART I.

Present a typological division of 2 selected languages.
As for me about the task I will try to write the similarities and differences between Chinese and English language.
The Chinese language belongs to Chinese- Tibetan language family. Chinese languages, also called Sinitic languages, Chinese Han, principal language group of eastern Asia, belonging to the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese exists in a number of varieties that are popularly called dialects but that are usually classified as separate languages by scholars. More people speak a variety of Chinese as a native language than any other language in the world, and Modern Standard Chinese is one of the six official languages of the United Nations.
English belongs to the Indo-European language family. As language families split into subgroups based on at which point of history they split into new languages, English is a member of various such subgroups. English is a Germanic language and under that it is a West-Germanic language. Going even further, English is an Anglo-Frisian language and in this subgroup, it represents the Angelic branch.
Therefore, based on the historical distance, English is related to languages like Russian, Hindi, Irish, and Spanish through the Indo-European family. More closely than to those, English is related to Swedish and Gothic through the Germanic family. Within Germanics, English more closely related to German and Dutch, as they are all West-Germanic languages. As the subgroup name Anglo-Frisian suggests, English is related to Frisian, more closely than to Dutch or German. And finally, in the Angelic group, English is related to Scots, which is therefore its closest relative.

Example: Hungarian language belongs to Uralic language family. The typological distribution of this language is as follows: Uralic language family-Finno-Ugric Languages-Ugric-Hungarian.

PART II.
Present a thorough analysis of 2 languages of your choice in accordance with the framework of language levels. It is advised to outline similar corresponding features as well as non-existent peculiarities of native and foreign language that is under discussion. Methods of cross-language analysis is suggested to be applied. Support each of your idea with examples in both languages.

The Chinese language is considered one of the most difficult due to the variety of dialects, the difficult specifics of pronunciation, and many other reasons. However, getting to know this language can be very exciting. There are two variants of Chinese characters: simplified (mainland China) and traditional (Hong Kong, Taiwan). For example, the word "book" in Traditional Chinese is 書, in simplified Chinese: 书

Chinese has incredibly simple grammar. It has no genders, no plurals, no verb conjunctions, not even punctuation. If not for the hieroglyphs, it could be the simplest language in the world. But We all know about English language. Its grammar is difficult a bit than other language. It has genders, plurals, tenses and various of pronouns, It has also difficult pronunciation of the words.
Phonetic system of Chinese language. It includes a complex of vowels and consonants and four syllable tones. Much depends on intonation, since most words are the same in spelling, but, depending on intonation and pronunciation, have different meanings. Quite often, this scares off people who want to learn Chinese.

Hieroglyphs and writing. A hieroglyph is a syllable, and words can consist of several syllables or one. The most common variant is two-syllable words, that is, words consisting of a pair of hieroglyphs. An interesting fact is that many Chinese surnames consist of only one character. In general, hieroglyphics have about forty thousand characters. But do not be intimidated - in order to understand and communicate with native Chinese speakers, it is enough to know about two thousand characters. When studying the Chinese language, you will encounter a complete absence of declensions, genders and cases, as well as with the same structure of sentences or phrases. Punctuation. Thanks to hieroglyphics, punctuation marks are completely absent in China. This will greatly speed up your language learning time. Chinese has alphabet. Chinese writing system is over 3,000 years old. Chinese is only pictographic language.

However, in English language has 26 letters in its alphabet. And English has no hieroglyph. I can inform more of such differences between English and Chinese language.