Coherence and Cohesion in English Discourse

No. of words
in all texts
57,819
Non-native 
speakers of English 
77,533
Native speakers 
of English
Semantic role
No.
Norm. frequency 
No.
Norm. frequency
Listing
122
2.11
78
1.01
Summative
3
0.05
9
0.12
Appositive
271
4.69
182
2.35
Resultive/inferential
154
2.66
178
2.30
Contrastive/concessive
151
2.61
219
2.82
Transitional
9
0.16
16
0.21
TOTAL
710
12.28
682
8.80
Table 2-1: Frequency rates of all semantic classes of conjuncts in both corpora
In order to provide a sufficiently illustrative picture of the semantic classes 
of conjuncts and their concrete tokens that are typically used in the texts written 
by non-native speakers of English in comparison with those most commonly 
applied in the RAs produced by native speakers of English, the two following 
surveys, each supplemented by one typical example from the respective corpus, 
have been prepared: