Cochin laboratory

WATER CONTENT (P 40, D 95, IP 74, ISO 3733)

Contamination in residual fuel oil may be indicated by the presence of excessive amounts of water, emulsions, and inorganic material such as sand and rust. In any form, water is highly undesirable in fuel oil, and the relevant tests involving distillation and the Karl Fischer titration are regarded as important in determination of quality. Free water in jet fuels can be detected by the use of the Karl Fischer titration method (D 1744) or by observing color changes when chemicals go into aqueous solution (D 3240).

WATER REACTION (P 42, D 1094, IP 289, ISO 6250)

Water reaction test that is used to estimate, and prevent, the addition of high-octane, water-soluble components such as ethyl alcohol to aviation gasoline. Water reaction volume change reveals the presence of water-soluble components such as alcohols. When applied to aviation turbine fuels, water reaction interface rating reveals the presence of relatively large quantities of partially soluble contaminants such as surfactants.

WATER SEPAROMETER INDEX-MODIFIED -WISM ( P 137, D 2550)

The standard water reaction test for jet fuel is the same as for aviation gasoline, but the interface and separation ratings are more critically defined. Test assessment is by subjective visual observation and, although quite precise when made by an experienced operator, the test can cause rating difficulties under borderline conditions. As a consequence, a more objective test, known as the water separometer test,