7 4
farmers can maximise their profits while
minimising their risks.
5. Technology for the future
As I have made clear, I think addressing soil
compaction needs to be a priority area for the future.
With existing information and technology we can
select tyres and machines carefully to minimise the
problem. We can also extend implement working
widths and perhaps operate with tracked rather than
wheeled vehicles. But, there will always be a conflict
between the need to make each machine do more,
and thus be bigger and heavier, and the need to
reduce weight. It is for this reason that I think the
future lies with Controlled Traffic (CT), the
permanent separation of cropped and wheel ed
areas. Although this can be achieved with
conventional tractor-based systems, (as it is already
in Australia on tens of thousands of hectares) the
most practical answer I believe lies with the gantry
tractor. This technology is already well developed,
but needs to be understood by our industry. It needs
to be enthusiastically embraced by farmers and
manufacturers alike and to be further developed to
provide a cost-effective practical system for the 21
st
Century. For those of you who may not be familiar
with the gantry tractor system, I will provide a brief
overview.
A gantry-tractor (
Fig. 4
) may be defined as a tractor
whose implements either match or are direct
multiples of its extended track width.
Gantries have a number of advantages compared with
conventional tractors for CT operations, the relative
importance of which will vary from farm to farm.
These advantages are:
precise and automatic matching of successive
passes (bouts) across the field;
land lost to permanent wheelways is minimised
because there is only one wheel track per
implement bout (see also Table 7);
the wider track width offered by a gantry provides
a more stable platform from which
existing or wider applications booms can be
supported without undue roll or yaw, or the
need for self-levelling systems;
full width support for implements allows savings
in implement cost and weight and often
precludes the need for folding mechanisms;
the vehicle and system lend themselves to
precision location of implements [13];
the use of multiple or wider units, particularly in
vegetable production, reduces labour costs and
increases output;
crop quality and evenness is improved due to
fewer wheel passes per unit area;
tillage and sowing can proceed without being
compromised by wheels or undue implement
movement (Fig. 5);
in the event that ploughing or deeper tillage
operations are needed, the gantry allows
these to be performed without wheeling
the bed;
although the vehicles can be long when
driven in road mode, their fully co-ordinated
steering at front and rear, make them
extremely manoeuvrable.
There are of course disadvantages – the main one of
these being their higher cost. Against this however
must be set their higher output, which when
calculated as part of a complete system, makes such
vehicles highly competitive [14].
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: