helped out by illiterate country bumpkins. Their tales came from the memories, writings,
and readings of educated women. The men who helped the Grimms were more likely to
help with research aims and copying or locating historic manuscripts for the Grimms.
Rich sources for the Jacob
and Wilhelm were their sister, Charlotte, and her friends. The
young ladies exchanged stories such as fairy tales with one another in a group and
eventually became informants for the Grimms who transcribed their recitations of the
tales for their collection.
68
These women were educated middle to upper class ladies
rather than peasants. The Grimms also utilized other female acquaintances by enlisting
them to collect stories from townspeople and peasants rather than the brothers collecting
the material themselves.
69
The passage of tales from one female to another was and still is an important part
of culture. Paradiz states,
For an audience of young female listeners –who were often told such tales by
their mothers, aunts, wet nurses, family housekeepers, and washerwomen –the
unhappy lot of the heroine was a common fairy tale theme that bound them
together in their own shared experience of sacrifice.
70
This statement is significant as it demonstrates part of the staying power of fairy tales. It
demonstrates how the structures of these tales create sympathy between the audience and
the protagonist by relying on similarities between the two. Paradiz also explains the
function of the tales to women with,
Young women, as they heard and told the tale of “Child of Mary” and similar
cautionary stories, seamlessly inscribed the rules of feminine sexual conduct into
their hearts and minds, as if drilling a lesson that must not be forgotten at any
cost…. The content of the stories women told reflected real lived experience and
the particular ordeals they faced as females: the raising of offspring; their
beholdenness (economically and legally) to the institution of marriage; the
unremitting, menial, and repetitive chores such as spinning, weaving, or even
wrapping chocolates in paper. In a society that privileged males with good
educations, fairy tales offered a place where the devaluation of their intellect
actually provided women and girls with the somewhat subversive and self-
affirming opportunity of communicating their experiences outside the privileged
realm of books and publishing.
71
She demonstrates that fairy tales were thrilling and entertaining ways for women to
confirm and make use of their intellect as well as to teach lessons and to spread the
dominant expectations set upon females by the society and time period that they lived in.
The Grimms’ original aim of preserving tales without editing them different from the
goals of their colleague Brentano, who intentionally made alterations to the tales he
collected though in later editions of their tale collections the Grimms also edited their
tales or combined multiple versions of the same tale rather than presenting the word for
word transcriptions that they had gathered.
72
Paradiz makes clear that different versions
of the same tale were in circulation and were traditional tales that could be traced back
many years. She states,
Their stories, published in the first volume of the
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