China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (ccpit) 2009 Preface
Chapter 5 Development of China's Light Industry in the Past Five Years
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Chapter 5 Development of China's Light Industry in the Past Five Years
China is the largest producer in the world of grains, vegetables, fruits and meat production. However, they are only simply processed with semi-finished products being more than finished products. Intensively processed grains account for less than 8% of the total output in China, while the figure for developed countries is more than 70%. Over 90% vegetables in developed countries in Europe, North America, as well as Japan and other developed countries have undergone commercial processing before being circulated. The proportion is only as small as 30% in China. 75% of apples are processed in Germany, but 10% in China. The figure for oranges is over 70% in the United States and Brazil, but less than 10% in China. As a leading meat producing country in the world, China produces a quarter of world total output but processes only 5%. It is clear that China's food processing level far lags behind the countries which are advanced in food processing. At present, the overall development and food processing stage of the agricultural and non-staple food processing industry in China were both low. The ratio between total output value of food industry and total output value of agriculture is an important indicator of a country's overall development level of food industry. The ratio in developed countries ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1. The figure for the United States is 3.7:1 and that for Japan is 2.2:1. But the ratio in China in 2003 was 0.43:1, which is 1.07:1 to 1.57:1 less than that in developed countries. Industrial food processing proportion of food consumption is 90% in developed countries, lower than 38% in developing countries, but merely 20% in China, which is slightly higher than half of the proportion in developing countries and less than 25% of that in developed countries. In 2002, the total industrial output value of the world food industry was US$ 2.9 trillion, of which, US$ 600 billion in the United States, US$ 400 billion in the European Union, and US$ 300 in Japan. The total output value in China was US$ 130 billion, accounting for 4.5% of the world total. China's population accounts for one fifth of the world population. Food industrial output value per capita in China is less than 1/4 of the world average. In a word, the food industry output proportion of agriculture output, industrial food consumption proportion and food industrial output values per capita in China are all far below the levels in developed countries. Some indicators are significantly lower than the world average level or even level in other developing countries. This shows that China has a very long way to go before becoming a country with a leading food industry. Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry is the most important sector of China's light industry. In 2008, the output value of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry accounted for 24.82% of the total output value of light industry. Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry directly influences the development of China's light industry. Agricultural and non-staple food processing industry includes grain grinding, feed processing, vegetable oil processing, sugar manufacturing, slaughtering and meat processing, aquatic product processing, vegetable, fruit and nut processing and other agricultural and non-staple food processing. The number of enterprises involved in agricultural and non-staple food processing industry stood at 14,097 in 2004 and increased to 19,741 in 2008, up by 40.0%. The asset size was 510.8 billion yuan in 2007 and grew to 972 billion yuan in 2008. The industrial output value and sales revenue were 834.5 billion yuan and 813.6 billion yuan in 2004 and increased to 2,103.1 billion yuan and 2,043.7 billion yuan in November 2008. The production and sales as well as total profits saw a rapid growth. Figure 5 93 Scale growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008
Source: China National Light Industry Council The industrial output value of grain grinding industry reached 97.9 billion yuan in 2004 and increased to 364.3 billion yuan in 2008, a 3.7 times increase in five years, the highest sector among the industry. The industrial output value of sugar manufacturing was 33.2 billion yuan in 2004 and 62.6 billion yuan in 2008, a 1.9 times increase in five years. Furthermore, the total output value of sugar manufacturing accounted for 3% of the output value of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry. In 2008, as the largest sectors of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry, slaughtering and meat processing and vegetable oil processing accounted for 22% and 20% of the total output value respectively, followed by grain grinding and feed processing. Figure 5 94 Total output value of major sectors of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008 Unit: RMB 100 million
Source: China National Light Industry Council The sales costs of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry increased from 734.6 billion yuan in 2004 to 1821.9 billion yuan in 2008. The year-on-year growth kept rising. The management expenses increased from 8.7 billion yuan in 2004 to 36 billion yuan in 2008. The expenses from January to November in 2008 went up by 28.1% on a year-on-year basis. The year of 2008 saw a sharp drop in management expenses. From January - November, 2008, the industry saw a year-on-year growth of 36.2% in sales costs, 28.1% growth in management expenses and 27.7% growth in financial expenses. Figure 5 95 Costs and expenses of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008
Source: China National Light Industry Council The asset growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry kept a very high growth rate from 2004 to 2008, and peaked at 27.1% in 2007. The asset-liability ratio maintained a steady change, which reached as high as 62.4% in 2004 but dropped down in the following years with a favorable liability proportion. The year of 2008 saw a sharp decrease in profits. The world economic recession and the domestic economic slowdown directly influence the profit growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry. However, the total industrial output value of this industry still grew fast. The first 11 months of 2008 saw a sharp increase of 35.95%. The annual employee growth rate maintained steady, which was 7% in 2006 and 2008, and higher in 2007. Figure 5 96 Profit growth of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008 Unit: %
Source: China National Light Industry Council The rice output was 1.167 million tons in 2004 and 4.467 million tons in 2008, up by 33.8% on a year-on-year basis. The rice output growth kept higher than 30% for three consecutive years. The year-on-year growth of wheat flour, mixed feed and finished sugar decreased in 2008. The growth rate of finished sugar decreased by 9.9 percentage points on a year-on-year basis. The wheat flour output was 79.371 million tons in 2008, 2.3 times that of the output in 2004. Figure 5 97 Major products output of agricultural and non-staple food processing industry 2004-2008
Source: China National Light Industry Council Top 50 enterprises in terms of tax payment of Chinese agricultural and non-staple food processing industry in 2007 are listed as follows. Figure 5 98 Top 50 enterprises list in terms of taxes of Chinese agricultural and non-staple food processing industry in 2007
Source: State Administration of Taxation
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