Чет тиллар факультети инглиз тили ўҚитиш методикаси кафедраси

Questions for self-control:
1 What is onomatopoeia?
2 What is the function of alliteration?
3 What is rhyme?
4 Where is rhythm used?


Literature:
1. “Stylistics” I.R. Galperin – Москва1971г.
2.“Стилистика современного английского языка” М.В. Арнолғд – Москва 1990 г.
3. “Практикум по интерпретации текста” В.А. Кухаренко – Москва 1987 г.
4. Интернет маълумотлари.
9 Lecture. The lexical expressive means and stylistic devices.
Plan:
1. Interaction of different types of lexical meaning

2. 
   interaction of dictionary and contextual logical meanings (metaphor, metonymy, irony)
   
3. 
   interaction of primary and derivative logical meanings (polysemy, zeugma and pun)
   

Problem: What is the aim of Interaction of different types of lexical meaning?
Key words:
contextual
primary
unexpectedness
simultaneous
derivative
zeugma
pun
oxymoron
antonomasia
epithet

1. 
   Interaction of dictionary and contextual logical meanings
   

Words in a context may acquire additional lexical meanings not fixed in dictionaries, it is called contextual meanings. The latter may sometimes deviate from the dictionary meaning to such a degree that the new meaning even becomes the opposite of the primary meaning. Transferred meaning is practically the interrelation between two types of lexical meaning: dictionary and dictionary and contextual.
A metaphor is a relation between the dictionary and contextual logical meanings based on the affinity or similarity of certain properties or features of the two corresponding concepts. The more obvious the similarity, the less need there is for deciphering words in the context. For example: “Dear Nature is the kindest Mother still” (Byron, “Childe Harold”) no explanatory words are used. Nature is likened to a Mother in her attitude to man. The action of nursing is implied put not directly stated.
Metaphor can be embodied in all the meaningful parts of speech in nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.“The leaves fell sorrowfully” (adverb) Metaphors can be classified according to their degree of unexpectedness:

1. 
   genuine metaphors (quite unexpected, unpredictable)
   
2. 
   trite metaphors (commonly used in speech)
   
3. 
   dead metaphors (its original figurative meaning has been forgotten: skyscraper)
   

Genuine metaphors are regarded as belonging to language-in action, i.e., speech metaphors; trite metaphors belong to a language-as-a-system; i.e. language proper, and are usually fixed in dictionaries as units of the language.
Trite metaphors;a ray of hope,floods of tears, a storm of indignation, a shadow of a smile, a flight of fancy
Genuine metaphors are mostly to be found in poetry and emotive prose. Trite metaphors are used in scientific language, in newspaper articles, in oratorical style.