Чет тиллар факультети инглиз тили ўҚитиш методикаси кафедраси

Climax (Gradation). Climax is an arrangement of sentences (or the homogeneous parts of one sentence) which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance, or emotional tension in the utterance as in:
“It was a lovely city, a beautiful city a fair city, a veritable get of a city”
Logical climax is based on the relative importance of the component parts looked at from the point of view of the concepts embodied in them.
Emotional climax is based on the relative emotional tension produced by words with emotive meaning.
Antithesis. Stylistic opposition, which is given a special name, the term antithesis, is of a different linguistic nature: it is based on relative opposition which arises out of the context through the expansion of objectively contrasting pairs, as in:
Youth is lovely, age is lonely,
Youth is fiery, age is frosty; (Longfellow)
Ellipsis.Ellipsis is a typical phenomenon in conversation, arising out of the situation. We mentioned this peculiar feature of the spoken language when we characterized its essential qualities and properties.
But this typical feature of the spoken language assumes a new quality when used in the written language. It becomes a stylistic device, inasmuch as it supplies supersegmantal information. An elliptical sentence in direct intercourse is not a stylistic device. It is simply a norm of the spoken language.
Litotes. Litotes is a stylistic device consisting of a peculiar use of negative constructions. The negation plus noun or adjective serve to establish a positive feature in a person or thing. This positive feature, however, is somewhat diminished in quality as compared with a synonymous expression making a straightforward assertion of the positive feature. Let us compare the following two pairs of sentences:

1. 
   It’s not a bad thing – It’s a good thing.
   
2. 
   He is no coward – He is a brave man.
   

‘Not bad’ is not equal to ‘good’ although the two constructions are synonymous. The same can be said about the second pair, ‘no coward’ and ‘a brave man’. In both cases the negative construction is weaker than the affirmative one. Still we connate say that the two negative construction produce a lesser effect than the corresponding affirmative ones.
Questions:

1. 
   Define the notion of simile
   
2. 
   Explain what is litota.
   
3. 
   Define the climax.