Chapter. I scientific style can be characterized by the following factors

PLAN: INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER.I Scientific style can be characterized by the following factors:
1.1 selection of language means;

1.2.monologue statement;

1.3.preliminary consideration of the statement;

1.4.normalized speech.

CHAPTER II.Most Important Translation Challenges

2.1. Linguistic Challenges in Translation

2.2. Specialized Translation or Specific Content Translation

2.3. Loss of Translation / Untranslatable Words

CONCLUSION

BIBLOGRAGY

1.1 The modern requirements for the foreign language proficiency in high school


include the presence of foreign language communicative competence of future


specialists. It is defined as a certain level of language proficiency, speech and


social-cultural set of knowledge, skills and abilities that enable to vary acceptably


and appropriately their communicative behavior in a communicative way


depending on the functional predictors of foreign language communication and


creates the basis for the qualified information and creative activities in various


fields. The structure and the levels of foreign language communicative competence


of students are correlated with the willingness of the student to use the possibilities


of foreign language for professional self-education (Morozova, 2010). The


cognitive level of the development of this competence (pedagogical and linguistic


knowledge) implies the development of theoretical readiness, operational (foreign


language communicative skills)—the formation of the technological readiness,


personal and professional (the qualities of the teacher and the experience of


practice-based foreign language communication) reveals through the professional


and personal readiness of the student. However, in theory and practice the problem


of formation of foreign language communicative competence of future foreign


language teachers is not fully investigated. Nowadays the transition from subject-


centered model of specialist training with clearly defined cognitive and active


components in the development of foreign language education to the personality-


oriented professionally developing education in the logic of the competence


approach is visible. The analysis of the scientific research and the experience of


practical activity in the field of foreign language training of students revealed the
contradiction between the objective need for the formation of students’ foreign


language communicative competence and the lack of the scientifically pedagogical


bases and the complex of pedagogical conditions for its formation in the system of


the high school education. The distinguished contradiction helped to define the


research problem: what are the forms, methods and pedagogical conditions of the


formation of foreign language communicative competence of students as future


teachers of the English language through an interactive learning.

Leading methodological principle of a foreign language discipline is the principle


of communicative orientation in learning. This principle defines all the components


of the educational process in a foreign language. Considering language as a social


phenomenon (it provides communication for people) highlights learning for a


communicative purpose — learning how to communicate in it using both audio


and graphic code, highlighting reading in the first place. The principle of


communicative orientation determines the content of training - the selection and


organization of linguistic material, the specification of areas and situations of


communication. And also, what communicative skills are necessary in order to


enter into communication, to carry out it in oral and written forms, and with the


help of what means one can ensure mastery of the communicative function of the


language. The principle of communicative orientation calls for the appropriate


organization of training, the use of various organizational forms for the


implementation of communication. The communicative goal of teaching English as


a general learning strategy. The implementation of the main directions of reform in


the teaching of foreign languages implies ensuring the unity of training and


education of students, their firm mastery of the basics of a foreign language, the


ability to put it into practice. Thus, the practical - communicative orientation of the


educational process in a foreign language is once again emphasized. The program


on foreign languages speaks of increasing attention to the labor and moral


education of students; The independent work of students in the classroom and after


school hours is highlighted, the need to use the language laboratory is emphasized


The specificity of the subject “Foreign Language” is that, firstly, the language –


whether native or foreign - serves as a means of communication, a means of


receiving and transmitting information about the surrounding reality in the natural


conditions of social life. Secondly, the teaching of this subject does not imply a


special addition of knowledge about the surrounding reality, at least in conditions


of the university, as it happens when students study other subjects, such as botany,


biology, physics, chemistry, but the ideas about foreign language are expanding.


the culture of the country of the language being studied, and the general outlook is


expanding. Learning a foreign language gives students only the opportunity to


master the means of perception and expression of thoughts about objects,


phenomena, their connections and relationships through a new language for them,


which acts in 2 forms: oral and written. Mastering these forms of education should


be part of the communicative goal of teaching the subject “foreign language”.


Thirdly, the language, being a means of learning, needs to be “kept in working


condition,” that is, always ready for use in situations of communication that arise.


Therefore, the mastery of this discipline is necessarily connected with purposeful,


well-organized practice in the use of seeded material in oral and written forms of


communication in the conditions that students have. Goals of learning a foreign


language: - The development of foreign language communicative competence in


the totality of its components - speech. Language, sociocultural, compensatory,


educational;
Speech competence - development of communicative skills in 4 main types of

speech activity: speaking, listening, reading, writing;

- Language competence - mastering new language means: phonetic, spelling,

lexical and grammatical. In accordance with the themes, areas and situations of

communication selected for primary school: mastering knowledge of the linguistic

phenomena of the language being studied, different ways of expressing thoughts in

the mother tongue and the language being studied; -

Socio-cultural competence - introducing students to the culture, traditions, realities

of the countries of the language being studied, within the framework of topics,

areas and situations of communication that meet the experiences, interests,

psychological characteristics of students at different stages, the formation of the

ability to represent their country. Her culture in the context of foreign language

intercultural communication;

- Compensatory competence - Development of skills to get out of the situation in


the context of a shortage of language means in receiving and transmitting


information;

- Educational and cognitive competence - further development, familiarization of


the available students with methods and techniques of independent study of


languages and cultures using ICT; - Development and education of students


understanding the importance of learning a foreign language in the modern world


and the need to use it as a means of communication, cognition, self-realization, and


social adaptation; education of the qualities of a citizen, a patriot, the development


of national identity. Striving for mutual understanding between people from


different communities, tolerant attitude to manifestations of a different culture. The


trends of globalization, world integration in various areas of economic, technical,


cultural, social and individual life place high demands on practical knowledge of


English. In the context of changing the content of education, information and


communication technologies play a priority role in the educational process. The


use of information and communication technologies reveals the enormous


possibilities of the computer as a means of learning. Computer tutorials have many


advantages over traditional teaching methods. They allow you to train different


types of speech activity and combine them in different combinations, help you


understand language phenomena, form linguistic abilities, create communicative


situations, automate language and speech actions, and also provide the ability to


account for the leading representative system, the implementation of an individual


approach and the intensification of students' independent work[3]. The computer is


considered as a tool to increase motivation, develop strong language skills and


improve English proficiency. The computer allows the student to use all three


channels of perception: auditory, visual and kinesthetic. This allows you to


increase the volume and strength of learning the material studied, significantly


increases the status of students in the learning process, increases the cognitive


activityof students and maintains interest in the subject, and also expands the field


for independent activity of students, allows you to create situations that are


personally important for each student, allows you to use the Internet as virtual


space immersion tool. In the multimedia educational programs in English, various


methodical techniques are used, which allow to introduce, train and control


students' knowledge and skills. The use of multimedia programs does not exclude


traditional teaching methods at all, but is harmoniously combined with them at all


stages of education. Language laboratories features: The language lab is a special


classroom with sound engineering equipment that promotes the acquisition of oral


speech skills in any language. The use of a linguaphone study allows you to


increase the efficiency of the learning process, determine the degree of material


learning by students, and reduce the time spent studying and securing educational


material. Listening to broadcast programs develops students' listening skills while


deepening their knowledge of the subject.

The relevance of this study is determined by the needs of modern society for

qualified specialists, which leads to the necessity of improving the system of

higher education. This dictates the need for a high-quality preparation of the

teacher of English who is able to act as an active subject of the professional

activity and who has high levels of communicative competence. A future teacher

of English must be fluent in a foreign language and must demonstrate high foreign

language communicative competence. However, not all the students of language

faculties and specializations reach this level. Thus, there arises the question about a

search for new approaches, methods and means of formation of foreign language

communicative competence of future teachers of English at the University. At the

same time, the student’s foreign language communicative competence is an

integrative personal quality, it is a tone which mediates along with other kinds of

personal and professional development competence and defines its effectiveness in

greater or lesser degree.

1.2 About the monologue

What do you imagine when you think about the term conversation? Most of us

imagine two or more people verbally exchanging ideas. Verbal communication is

usually seen as a two-way conversation, short statements exchanged between

people.

However, there is another option for oral communication: monologue. A

monologue is a speech that is performed continuously by a character. Don’t

confuse this with an official speech written and performed in front of a crowd. A

monologue is usually used in a drama or film. It should focus on the other

protagonist of the story.

This is also different from the protagonist's monologue. Shakespeare's famous

speech in "Hamlet" is a solo speech, because Hamlet is left alone on stage. If you

are writing a script, you use a monologue at any time when one protagonist is

talking to other characters.

The rest of this lesson shows how to create an effective monologue.

With that in mind, mark your monologue as a mini-story with a beginning, middle,

and end. Start with an interesting statement that will amaze the reader. The

situation described in the protagonist at the beginning. Then create the highest

point or turning point of your monologue in the middle. Your character needs to

come up with some kind of revelation that shows changes in character or affects

the plot in some way. Eventually, you finish the monologue and move on to the

next events of the overall story.

Monologue, in literature and drama, an extended speech by one person. It is a

speech given by

a single character in a story. In drama, it is the vocalization of a character’s

thoughts; in literature, the

verbalization. It is traditionally a device used in theater — a speech to be given on

stage — but

nowadays, its use extends to film and television.

The term has several closely related meanings. A dramatic monologue is any

speech of some duration

addressed by a character to a second person. A soliloquy is a type of monologue in

which a character

directly addresses an audience or speaks his thoughts aloud while alone or while

the other actors keep

silent. In fictional literature, an interior monologue is a type of monologue that

exhibits the thoughts,

feelings, and associations passing through a character’s mind.

I am a monologue

as I got this girl's monologuePreambula

The monologue of a 13-year-old girl lost on a ship speaks of new life opportunities

that have survived the end times.

I can’t remember the last time I saw the day ... it must have been nine years ago. I
remember the ground was dark. We were evacuated because my mother had an
important job as a doctor and we were chosen to go, but a lot of people were left

behind ... died. My aunt and uncle, my grandmother and grandfather. They all died.

Dad said the weather had changed and breathing had become unbearable. That’s

why we’re not allowed outside, on the upper deck. Dad also said we were lucky

people. But I’m not saying it’s lucky to live in the dark ... (I think I prefer the

dead).
We all live on this big ship that just keeps floating. Nobody knows where

though… they didn’t figure that one out. But there’s no escape other than death.

But last week my mum came home excited she told us that the scientists were

constructing something which meant that we might be moving into a new world,

an ‘alternate universe,’ where there will be sun and we can all live in houses. My

brother doesn’t believe her though, He gets so depressed all the time. He gets a lot

of pressure at school, that he’s got to be “somebody”, somebody “important”,

somebody “valuable to society” But he don’t want to be, he hates school and he

hates this ship. He’s so bored all the time. He left everyone he loved behind, his

girlfriend and his friends and he knows that they’re all dead. He told me he was

thinking of going outside and killing himself. I have felt the same way. Life would

be SO much easier if I could breathe in the air outside and be dead. But now

there’s hope. An “alternate universe“. The scientists are constructing something to

make it happen. I really want to live in a house. I can’t remember my last one and I

wonder if different animals will be the? We have animals on the ship but only

one’s you can eat though. I used to have a pet. My mum’s got a picture of me in

our old garden holding a hamster called Rufus and apparently he was my pet.

There are no pets on the ship. There is not enough room they say but the hamster in

the photo looks tiny enough to fit in our room. Anyway, in this alternate universe I

hope there is animals I can keep as pets, and more food because we don’t have a

lot of food on the ship. Fruit is running out vegetables are also a rarity these days.

As we’re on a boat it seems that all we eat is fish. But I don’t really like fish,

1.3 APPLICATION OF PROCEDURE PROCEDURES FOR REFUSAL TO

ACCEPT APPLICATION, DISCLAIMER OF APPLICATION AND STOP


PRODUCTION IN UZBEKISTAN


 LexUZ review


This decision was annulled in accordance with the decision of the Plenum of the


Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 25, 2019 No. 19 "On


rulings of the court of first instance in civil cases."


In order to ensure the clear and uniform application of the law in judicial practice


on certain issues related to the application of procedural norms related to the


refusal to accept the application, consideration of the application and termination


of proceedings, the Republic of Uzbekistan According to Article 17 of the Law, the


Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan decides:


1. In accordance with Article 44 of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan,


everyone has the right to judicial protection of their rights and freedoms, to appeal


in court against illegal actions of state bodies, officials, public associations.


The appeal can be downloaded in the Civil Procedure Code.


The court must pay special attention to the clear and uniform application of


procedural law after the application is rejected, the application is dismissed and the


proceedings are completed.


2. To draw the attention of the courts to the need to comply with Articles 152, 100


of the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the process of


refusing to accept an application and conducting proceedings in civil cases, as well
as the fact that these grounds are incomplete.


family, after the direct service of a child after Article 39 of the Family Code, and


directly to a child ri is not entitled to initiate a case directly from the marriage


without the consent of the place of residence. such a court must refuse to accept the


application, if any, to require proceedings.


These norms apply not only to persons involved in the offense, but also to strict


proceedings, applications of state bodies and other bodies, officials to the


legislation.
3. The issue of refusal to accept the application shall be resolved by the judge


within 10 days from the date of its receipt by issuing a reasoned ruling, which shall


be submitted to the person immediately, including within three days after the


ruling. It is sent electronically through the system or information system.


If the case does not fall within the jurisdiction of the court, the judge must indicate


in the ruling which body the applicant should apply to or how to eliminate the


circumstances that impede the initiation of proceedings.


The refusal of a judge to accept an application on the grounds provided for in


paragraphs 5 to 7 of Article 152 of the Code of Civil Procedure shall not preclude


him from re-applying to the court in the general procedure once the shortcomings


have been remedied. .


Acceptance of a court decision that has entered into force on the basis of a dispute


between the same parties, on the same subject matter and on the same grounds, or


the waiver of the plaintiff's claims, or the parties the existence of a ruling


approving the settlement agreement shall be grounds for refusing to accept the
application.


4. . After the entry into force of the decision of the court on the recovery of


periodic payments from the defendant (alimony, compensation for damage to


health or death of a citizen, etc.) in the event of a significant change in the


circumstances affecting the determination of the amount or term of payments, on


such grounds each party may re-apply the amount and term of payments in


accordance with Part 3 of Article 217 of the Code of Civil Procedure explain that


he has the right to demand a change.


5. Prior to the issuance of a decision, the defendant shall have the right to file a


counterclaim against the plaintiff for consideration together with the initial claim,


in which case the counterclaim shall be filed in accordance with the general rules.


Regardless of the requirements of Article 247 of the Code of Civil Procedure, the


courts shall not impede the acceptance of the counterclaim filed

accepting an application in our state

2.1The first linguistic challenge that good translators must overcome is the need to

avoid literally translation, also known as word to word translation. Translating

expressions literally does not usually work. Its meaning might completely change,

which may lead to awkward situations like false friends.

Each language is mostly composed by unique words or expressions. But keep in

mind that some words or expressions may also be spelled the same way in two

languages. This is particularly dangerous when translating official documents in

the business or legal environment.

The second linguistic challenge faced by translators is the constant change and

shift in the number of languages and dialects. There are currently over 7000

existing languages in the world and each one of them has its own unique origin,

roots and structure. A translator must also also consider the close to infinite

regional dialects that may exist.

These specific language forms that are spoken in specific regions may have words

with different uses or sound that can be pronounced differently. One good example

is Arabic language. Arabic is spoken in more than 20 countries, however, these

countries don’t have the same version of Arabic. It would be difficult for

Moroccans to understand the Arabic that is generally being spoken in Iraq.

2.2What differentiates specialized translation from general translation is the

terminological and technical difficulty level. The general translation is the simpler

of two types and does not involve jargon or lingo, and thus targets a general

audience.

In contrast to general translation, specialized translation calls for expert knowledge

in specified fields and may include complex terminology in the text. Consequently,

it requires higher language proficiency, as well as knowledge and expertise in the

subject. Furthermore, the etymology of these special phrases or terms may vary

from one language to another, or even between dialects of the same language, thus

involving additional research for accuracy and appropriateness. Nonetheless, both

special and general content translation require localization. Get more insights about

the difference between language translation and language localization here.

pecialized translations are focused on translations that require subject matter

knowledge to translate. Unlike standard translation that relies on cursory

translations of the text, the goal of specialized translations is to focus on matter

experts subjects to translate the content, so it is not a general translation. The role

of official translation of documents in international activities takes on great

relevance.

he evidence of the existence of translation is essentially as old as the evidence of

the existence of written text. The Ebla tablets (from Ebla, in modern Syria) are

dated around 2500 BCE and include a set of bilingual word lists in Sumerian and

“Eblaite”. Translation and/or interpreting would have to be at least as old as that

“dictionary”. Being able to give a date to the birth of translation as a profession is
more complicated. We simply don’t know much about the people who did the
translation that we know existed in the ancient world.

For example, the Hebrew religious texts were at one point translated into

vernacular after the end of the Babylonian captivity, probably around the end of

the sixth century BCE, but we know nothing about those who did the translation

journalistic Translation is one of the biggest forms of specialized translation. The

translation of news articles or magazine content. This usually occurs when the

story is being recreated for a newer audience. It is also required in scenarios where

there is a multilingual audience. There are several challenges involved in this kind

of translation. It is not just a simple exchange of words.

While the major aim of Journalism is to be objective, most content creations and

writers have a slant. Either in the register or politically. Most students of media are

aware that there are only a few neutral word choices which although arbitrary, can

express a lot.

For example, there is a major difference in the US between “undocumented

workers” & “illegal aliens”. Even though both can be defined in the same terms,

one implied a favor towards strict immigration policy and the other sways towards

leniency and easier paths to citizenship.

2.3Translation is a mean of interlingual communication. The translator makes
possible an exchange of information between users of different languages by

producing in the target language a text which has an identical communicative value

with the source text. This target text is not fully identical with the source text as to

its form originality content due to the limitations imposed by the formal and

semantic differences between the source language and target text.

National coloring of the work is one of examples of these differences. Now it is

one of important themes to be studied/ During many years the USSR’s confines

were closed and we had not much opportunity to interact with many foreign

countries. Of course, we had a great number of foreign books but most of them

were either classic books or books of working class. So we had not opportunity to

value all the literature of foreign countries. the same case was in the foreign

countries when they could not get all the variety of Russian literature. They also

preferred to read our classics. The result of it was that they could know only

archaic coloring of the works and they had little information about national

coloring of Russia. And now then USSR does not exist any more every state that

was a part of the USSR can perform its own literature and hence national coloring.

The author of this course paper considers that every literature work has its own

national coloring. Every work is written in the conditions of the country where the

author lives. Therefore the country with its language, mode of life, political,

historical, economical atmosphere and many other factors influence on the work

and it acquires the national coloring of the country even if the author does not think

of creating of any work that would be nationally colored.

The author of this course paper considers the preservation of national coloring to

be one of the most difficult tasks for translator. National coloring is the property of

the country or its part. Every nation is proud of its history; traditions and it would

consider an offence if the translator does not manage to convey the national

coloring or if he conveys it wrong. That is why the translator must be very

attentive and careful with any kind of literary work.

Dialectics of national coloring in the translation.

Any literary work appears on the national ground, reflects national problems,

features and at the same time the problems common to all mankind. Passing from

one nation to another literature enriches and extends the notion of peoples about

each other.

It is one of the most difficult cases to convey national coloring. Owing to the

translation very important literary works were able to appear in many other

countries and became available for people speaking other languages. The

translation helps mutual knowing and peoples' enrichment.

National coloring must be reflected adequately in the translation.

Dialectics of national coloring reveals itself specifically in different fields of

spiritual culture of people and thus in various types of translation.

In the scientific and technique literature the national psychological categories are

less expressed. The contents of such translations is valuable for all nations in spite

of their national specific.

Thus, for example, concerning natural sciences Darwin's theory or classic physics

of Newton or modern physics of Einstein or Bore have the same meaning for all

the countries and nations. The original texts of natural-scientific works and their translations do not differ much from this point of view.

Here there is another case in the field of social-political literature. It is closely

connected with the ideological society of the country with its history and its

historical specifics and it can never be separated from country peculiarities and

demands, political conditions, the events of its time and it is changed by the factors

that reflect the notion development. National peculiarities, problems and interests

put impress both on the contents and style of any author. In general the translation

of social-political literature is more similar with scientific literature.

CONCLUSION

A good translation is a translation that can be a bridge of communication

between two languages. This is in line with the purpose of translation, which is to

produce translated works and to help overcome language differences. The

language itself is the source language and the target language. Therefore, it is said

that translation is not an easy thing to do because of grammatical differences

between two languages.

In translation, a term is one of challenge for translator to translate. This is

because a term has its own meaning in each language and it is difficult to explain.

Taxation is one of field that has its own term. As mentioned before, translating

taxation term is neither easy nor simple because a slight difference in translation

can lead to fatal error. This is because tax is a crucial matter that cannot be taken

lightly in translating it. Therefore, a translator must understand the meaning in

both languages and the translation procedures that will be used. Translation

procedures are used to determine how the sour language is transferred to the target

languageA good translation is a translation that can be a bridge of communication

between two languages. This is in line with the purpose of translation, which is to

produce translated works and to help overcome language differences. The

language itself is the source language and the target language. Therefore, it is said

that translation is not an easy thing to do because of grammatical differences

between two languages.

In translation, a term is one of challenge for translator to translate. This is

because a term has its own meaning in each language and it is difficult to explain.

Taxation is one of field that has its own term. As mentioned before, translating

taxation term is neither easy nor simple because a slight difference in translation

can lead to fatal error. This is because tax is a crucial matter that cannot be taken

lightly in translating it. Therefore, a translator must understand the meaning in

both languages and the translation procedures that will be used. Translation

procedures are used to determine how the sour language is transferred to the target

language

After analyzing the thirty three taxation terms found in Public Finance in

Theory and Practice 5

th edition by Richard A Musgrave and Peggy B Musgrave,

the writer found four procedures used. They are Transposition, Couplets,

Transference, and Literal Translation. There are sixteen data are translated by

using transposition, twelve data are by using couplets, two data are translated by

using literal translation, and one data translated by using transference. In couplets,

the procedures used in translation are ten data translated with transposition, six

data translated with transference and naturalization, six data translated with

expansion, two data translated with modulation, one data translated with reduction

and one data translated with literal translation. Overall, transposition is the most

frequent procedure used in translating taxation terms.

Lastly, based on the data found, transposition is used by the translator

because the system of the two languages is different. The translator translates the

tax term guided by the Indonesian language system where Diterangkan -

Menerangkan applies. While in English, the language system is Menerangkan -

Diterangkan. The differences in this system lead to change in grammatical

structure.

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