4
Chapter One
versus cost—cost both to construct and to operate. Look for the alter-
native which will work as well or better for the least overall cost. This
will often be a different solution from the original.
Note that an analysis effort solely for the purpose of cutting cost is
not really value engineering; for the objective of minimized life cycle
cost is often compromised. There are enough buildings in this country
with fancy finishes and uncomfortable occupants to attest to this as-
sertion. As John Ruskin said many years ago:
It is unwise to pay too much but it is worse to pay too little. When you
pay too much you lose a little money. When you pay too little you some-
times lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable of
doing the thing it was bought to do. The common law of business balance
prohibits paying a little and getting a lot—it can’t be done. If you deal
with the lowest bidder it is well to add something for the risk you run.
And if you do that you will have enough to pay for something better.
4.
Sell the best solution.
This ties back into a weakness of many
engineers and designers: They have great ideas, but they have a hard
time getting these ideas implemented. By first understanding the pur-
pose of a device or system, then producing good data to understand
current performance, and finally developing an alternative with doc-
umented feasibility, the sales effort is greatly supported.
Gas forced-air furnaces are an example of an HVAC unit which has
been improved over time by value engineering. The purpose of the
furnace now, as before, is to use the chemical energy of a fuel to warm
the environment, i.e., to heat the house. But there is a world of dif-
ference between the furnace of the 1930s, with its cast-iron or heavy-
metal refractory-lined firebox and 4-ft-diameter bonnet, and the high-
technology furnaces of today. Size is down, capacity is up, weight is
down, relative cost is down, fuel combustion efficiency is up, and re-
liability is debatably up.
Variable-speed drives for pumps and fans are devices which have
been improved to the point of common application. The operating-cost
advantages of reduced speed to ‘‘match the load’’ have been known
and used in industry for a long time, but technology has taken its time
to develop reliable, low-cost, variable-speed controllers for commercial
motors, such as variable-frequency drives now used in HVAC appli-
cations.
If value engineering seems to share some common analytical tech-
nique with Sec. 1.2 on problem solving, the dual presentation is in-
tentional. Both discussions are approaches to solving problems, to im-
proving service. The first is an interpretation of a mentor’s example,
HVAC Engineering Fundamentals: Part 1
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