Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

474
T
ABLE
19.1
(
Continued
)
*Extrapolated
to
represent
metastable
equilibrium
with
undercooled
liquid.
S
O
URCE
:
Copyright
1997,
American
Society
of
Heating,
Refrigerating
and
Air
Conditioning
Engineers,
Inc.,
www
.ashrae.org.
Abstracted
by
permission
from
ASHRAE
Handbook,
1997
Fundamentals,
Chap.
6,
T
able
2.
Engineering Fundamentals: Part 4
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.


Engineering Fundamentals: Part 4
475
values in the table.
2
More accurately, new tables should be calculated
by using the basic psychrometric equations.
19.4
Psychrometric Charts
The psychrometric chart is a graphical representation of psychrome-
tric properties. There are many charts available from various equip-
ment manufacturers and other sources. In this text, the ASHRAE
chart in Fig. 19.1 is used. This chart is for sea level in a dry-bulb
temperature range from 32 to 120

F. Charts for other temperature
ranges and altitudes are available. (See Sec. 19.7.)
The basic coordinate grid lines of the ASHRAE chart are the en-
thalpy, which slopes up to the left, and the humidity ratio, which is
horizontal. The slope of the enthalpy lines is carefully calculated to
provide the best possible intersections of property lines. Dry-bulb lines
are uniformly spaced and approximately vertical; the slope of the lines
changes across the chart. Wet-bulb lines slope similarly to enthalpy
lines, but the slope increases as the temperature increases and no wet-
bulb line is parallel to an enthalpy line. This is because of the heat
added to the mixture by the moisture as it changes from dry to satu-
rated air. Spacing between wet-bulb lines increases with temperature.
The enthalpy lines (except every fifth line) are shown only at the edges
of the chart to avoid confusion. A straightedge is needed to determine
a value of enthalpy within the chart. Volume lines are uniformly
spaced and parallel.
Relative-humidity lines are curved, with the 100 percent line (sat-
uration) defining the upper boundary of the chart. These lines are not
uniformly spaced. (Percentage of saturation lines would be uniformly
spaced but are not used in HVAC design.)
When any two properties of a moist air sample are known, a state
point may be plotted on the chart (Fig. 19.2) that identifies the values
of all the other properties. Typically, the known properties are those
most easily measured, i.e., dry- and wet-bulb temperatures and rela-
tive humidity or dew point temperature.

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