Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction


Engineering Fundamentals: Part 3



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HVAC HANDBOOK

Engineering Fundamentals: Part 3
463
Figure 18.2
Heat transfer through a tube wall.
Figure 18.3
Velocity pattern for
fluid flow in a conduit.
9.10) and the finned coil (see Fig. 9.20). In both cases, the barrier is
a tube wall, as in Fig. 18.2. Heat transfer takes place within each fluid
stream by convection, then by conduction through the wall and the
contiguous films. The velocity of a fluid stream flowing uniformly in a
conduit (tube or duct) is greatest at the center of the conduit and least
near the edges (Fig. 18.3). This is due to friction of the fluid particles
against the wall and against each other. The films of nearly motionless
fluids on each side of the wall resist heat transfer, as noted above.
Because the tubes in heat exchangers are usually copper, with its high
conductivity factor, the films provide the major part of the resistance.
Additional resistance is provided by the buildup of dirt, oil, or solids
deposition on the tube surface. This is known as the
fouling factor,
and it is usually significant.
The film resistance is a function of the fluid velocity, being highest
with laminar flow and lowest with turbulent flow. To estimate the
degree of turbulence in a system, the
Reynolds number
Re is calcu-
lated:
DV

Re

(18.6)

where
D

conduit diameter, ft
V

average fluid velocity, ft / s


fluid viscosity, lb / (ft

s)


density, lb / ft
3
The transition value of the Reynolds number is in the range of 2100
Engineering Fundamentals: Part 3
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