Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

11.2.4
Variable-volume AHU
Unlike the AHU systems previously discussed, a VAV system supplies
air at constant, or nearly constant, temperature and humidity. Capac-
ity is controlled to match cooling load by varying the volume of air
supplied to a zone. A
VAV box
is provided at each zone. The box in-
cludes a motorized damper (controlled by the zone thermostat) and
usually some means of compensating for changes in static pressure in
the supply duct. Such changes can affect the accuracy of control. The
compensating device may be mechanical, e.g., a spring-loaded damper,
or it may be a flow-sensing controller which is reset by the zone ther-
mostat. The latter is given the anomalous description
constant vari-
able-volume controller. Pressure independent
is another term used to
describe this type of VAV box control. While the zone supply volume
could theoretically go to zero, it is usual to provide a low limit of 35
to 40 percent of design airflow to maintain a minimum air distribution
and ventilation rate. Supplemental heating—reheat coils, radiation,
fan-coil units—is required in zones with exterior exposure.
VAV systems were developed in response to the 1973 ‘‘energy crisis.’’
The concept is based on the fan law which states that the fan horse-
power (fan work energy) varies as the cube of the airflow, denoted by
Equipment: Part 3
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