Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

287
Chapter
9
Equipment: Part 1
Cooling
9.1
Introduction
Cooling means the removal of heat. In HVAC, a cooling process is
usually identified as one which lowers the temperature or humidity
(or both) of the ambient air. The
effective temperature
includes not only
the temperature and humidity of the ambient air but also radiant
effects and air movement. Some adiabatic cooling processes, i.e., evap-
orative cooling, do not actually remove any heat, but create a sensa-
tion of cooling by lowering the sensible temperature of the air.
9.2
Refrigeration Cycles
A refrigeration cycle is a means of transferring heat from some place
where it is not wanted (heat source) to another place where it can be
used or disposed of (heat sink). The necessary components are (1) two
or more heat exchangers (one each at source and sink), (2) a refrig-
erant, (3) a conduit for conveying the refrigerant, (4) mechanical
and / or heat energy to move the refrigerant through the system, and
(5) devices to control the rate of flow, to control temperature and pres-
sure gradients, and to prevent damage to the system.
There are several basic refrigeration cycles. The two most
common—two-phase (vapor compression) mechanical, and single- and
double-effect absorption—are discussed below. Steam-jet refrigeration
has historical importance but is not used in modern practice. Noncon-
densing (one-phase) mechanical cycles are used primarily in aircraft
where light weight and simplicity are important. Thermoelectric re-
Source: HVAC Systems Design Handbook
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.



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