Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction


Design Procedures: Part 6



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HVAC HANDBOOK

Design Procedures: Part 6
237
Figure 8.18
Pitot-tube flow sensor.
V

C

VP
(8.4)
where, for HVAC work,
V
is in feet per minute and
VP
is in inches of
water;
C
is a constant related to the density of the fluid. For standard
air,
C
is equal to 4005. For other than standard air, the value of
C
is
corrected by dividing 4005 by the square root of the new air density
ratio. For example, the air density ratio at 5000-ft elevation (with re-
spect to standard air) is 0.826. The value of
C
at 5000 ft is therefore
C

4005 /

0.826

4400
alt
The pitot tube can be used for measuring the velocity pressure of any
fluid with a known density. It is often used for measuring water flow.
The accuracy depends on the accuracy of the device being used to
measure the differential pressure.
The
orifice plate
(Fig. 8.19) is used for measuring the flow of all types
of fluids. In HVAC systems, it is used primarily for water and steam
flow but can also be used for airflow. The reduction of the conduit cross
section causes an increase in fluid velocity and velocity pressure,
thereby reducing the static pressure. The change in static pressure
can be measured and used to determine total flow rate
Q

CA

H
(8.5)
Design Procedures: Part 6
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