partly to eliminate the problem of taking the flue up through the
building, partly for emission dispersion. Cooling towers need to be
near the chiller served if possible, to reduce the cost of piping, but the
cooling-tower vapor plume can be a problem in cool weather if it im-
pacts the building (window cleaning, condensation on structure, etc.).
A vapor plume is a cold-weather visual problem in year-round opera-
tion and may cause a local ‘‘snow’’ effect in cold climates.
2.
Structure.
The enclosure and support for major plant equip-
ment should be strong enough to withstand vibration, to support
equipment and piping, to contain yet accept expansion and contrac-
tion, to enclose and subdue noise, and to support maintenance through
access and hoist points.
In some environments, plant structures are fully enclosed by heavy
masonry. In the industrial environment, in mild climates, plant struc-
tures may be open, offering only a roof and access, possibly a sound
enclosure. Some well-designed plants may take on an aesthetic aspect
including large expanses of glass and careful lighting. It is a fun ex-
perience to sculpt in pipe and equipment for all to see. This can be
accomplished with little premium construction cost, but it takes more
design time and an artist’s inclination. Some feel that a plant that
looks good may work better, since more time is given to function and
layout than in the ‘‘quick and dirty’’ arrangements so often encoun-
tered. Well-arranged plants usually are more easily maintained, given
the space associated with form and symmetry.
As a general note, reinforced-concrete floors and below-grade walls
have proved to be durable. Steel-frame superstructures with inter-
mediate floors of concrete and steel work very well. Steel members
with grating for walkways are very popular.
Plant enclosures should allow for future equipment replacement or
addition, with wall openings and possibly roof sections which can be
removed and replaced.
3.
Electrical Service.
Many plants, particularly those with chillers
or electric boilers, comprise a major electrical load for the facility.
Proximity to the primary electrical service is a cost concern. The elec-
trical service should be well thought through, and should allow for
any projected plant expansion, if not in present gear, at least in space
and concept. Since the plant environment may be coarse (although
Design Procedures: Part 5
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