Chapter hvac engineering Fundamentals: Part 1 Introduction



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HVAC HANDBOOK

6.6.10
Air venting
Some entrained or dissolved air is present in any piping system. Air
in excessive amounts can cause noise. Air can also impede the flow of
Design Procedures: Part 4
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.


Design Procedures: Part 4
179
Figure 6.24
Expansion of water
above 40

F. (
SOURCE
: Copyright
1987, American Society of Heat-
ing,
Refrigerating
and
Air
Conditioning
Engineers,
Inc.,
www.ashrae.org. Reprinted by
permission
from
ASHRAE
Handbook,
1987 Systems and
Applications,
Chap.
13,
p.
13.14.)
water in a closed piping system. It is desirable to remove as much air
as possible. Air removal is based on two principles: (1) air will be
entrained and carried along with the water stream at velocities in
excess of 2 ft / s, and (2) air tends to migrate to high points in the
system when flow is stopped.
The second principle is employed in the installation of air vents at
high points in the piping system. Air vents may be manual or auto-
matic. Automatic vents use float valves or water-expansive materials
to close the vent when water is present. Under low-pressure condi-
tions, automatic vents may allow air to enter the system. Manual
vents do not have this problem but do depend on regular operation by
maintenance personnel. Always provide a drain line from each air
vent, to prevent damage if water is carried over.
The first principle is utilized in air separation devices. The most
common is the centrifugal separator (Fig. 6.25). This consists of a large
vertical pipe section which the water enters tangentially near the bot-
tom. The combination of centrifugal force and decreased velocity sep-
arates the entrained air, which is removed through a vent at the top
center of the separator. The separator is usually vented to the expan-
sion tank air cushion, although it can also be vented to atmosphere,
manually or automatically.
Design Procedures: Part 4
Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com)
Copyright © 2004 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved.
Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website.



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