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Pdf ko'rish
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| Bog'liq HVAC HANDBOOK
266
Chapter Eight
used are specific to this text because the industry has been slow to
respond to attempts to use standard nomenclature. A symbol legend
can be found in Fig. 8.65 (p. 284).
8.5.1
Control of outside air quantity
Almost all air-handling systems utilize a mixture of outside air and
recirculated air. The quantity of outside air needed is that required to
replace exhausted air or that required for ventilation to maintain a
desired indoor air quality (IAQ). In some industrial applications the
exhaust makeup will govern, but in most commercial and institutional
applications the IAQ will govern. In most places the ventilation rate
will be specified by the local code authorities. Typically the codes are
based on ASHRAE Standard 62-2001.
7
The outside air volume control
methods are similar for all types of air-handling systems. The essen-
tial point here is that the outside air flow must be measured and re-
corded to prove compliance with these codes.
8.5.1.1
Where exhaust makeup requirements govern, the outside air
quantity will be fixed and controlled by a two-position damper which
opens whenever the supply fan runs. This may provide 100 percent
outside air or a fixed percentage of total air quantity. With 100 percent
outside air it is usually recommended that the fan start-up sequence
provide for opening the outside air damper before the fan starts. Low
static pressure in the intake plenum may cause a collapse of that ple-
num.
8.5.1.2
The traditional ‘‘economy cycle’’ control of outside air (Fig.
8.51) operates as follows: When the supply fan is off, the outside air
and relief dampers are closed. When the fan is started, these dampers
open to minimum position, as determined by the setting of the mini-
mum position switch through selector relay R2. The return air damper
will be partially closed to match. If the outside air temperature is
below the set point of controller C1, this controller will adjust the
damper positions to maintain the required minimum mixed air tem-
perature as sensed by T2. As the outside air temperature increases,
the dampers will modulate and finally reach full open for outside and
relief and closed for return. As the outside air temperature continues
to increase, it will reach the set point of high-limit thermostat T1
(typically about 75
⬚
F). This will cause switch R1 to block the signal
from C1, allowing the dampers to return to minimum outside air po-
sition.
The purpose of this control system is to use outside air for cooling
when possible and to minimize outside air use when refrigeration is
Design Procedures: Part 6
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