Chapter 5 Soil Degradation Problems and Foreseen Solutions in Uzbekistan Lazizakhon Gafurova and Mukhiddin Juliev Abstract



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Document Outline

  • Foreword: The Future of the Land, The Future of Farming
  • Introduction
  • Contents
  • Part I Where We Stand
  • 1 The Cost of Food: Consequences of Not Valuing Soil and Water and the People Who Manage Them
    • Food-Water, Soil and Society: Competing Claims and Their Consequences
      • The Food System is a Political Economy, Not an Economy
      • Ghettos of the Mind
      • Discord: How We Produce Food Confronts the Ghettos of the Mind
    • Power Relations in the Food System
      • Power Shifts but Farmers, Farm Labour and the Environment Are Always Weak
      • The Role of the State in Mode 1 Markets
      • What Needs to Be Done if We Are to Have a Sustainable, Commercially Viable Food System—And Who Needs to Do It?
    • Conclusions
    • Afterword on the Covid-19 Crisis that Disrupted Global Systems in 2020
    • References
  • 2 Politics of Soils and Agriculture in a Warming World
    • Politics of Soils—A Short History
    • Soils and Climate Change
    • Soils in Agricultural Politics
    • Barriers and Potential for Change
    • References
  • Part II Known Knowns
  • 3 Carbon Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems
    • Introduction
    • No-Tillage Effects on Soil Properties
    • Conservation Agriculture/Soil Health Systems
    • Carbon Management
    • Ecosystem Services
    • Summary and Conclusions
    • References
  • 4 Resilient Cropping Systems in a Mediterranean Climate
    • The Western Cape Perspective
    • Why Conservation Agriculture?
    • Results from Long-Term Trials
    • Yield
    • Economic Comparisons for Whole Systems
    • It’s All About Creating Resilience
    • Effectiveness of the System in Reducing Inputs
    • What Next?
    • References
  • 5 Soil Degradation Problems and Foreseen Solutions in Uzbekistan
    • Introduction
    • Land Degradation
      • The Aral Sea
    • Climate Change
    • Priorities for Land Use and Soil Science
      • Innovative Methods and Technologies on the Test Bed
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 6 The Relevance of Black Soils for Sustainable Development
    • Introduction
    • Extending the Definition of Black Soils
    • Sustainable Management of Black Soils
      • Soil Erosion
      • Loss of Soil Structure (Compaction)
      • Contamination
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 7 Managing Chernozem for Reducing Global Warming
    • Introduction
    • Mechanisms of Sequestration of Soil Organic Carbon in Chernozems
    • Recommended Management Practices of SOC Sequestration in Chernozems
      • Protection/Restoration of Chernozems in Eastern Europe and the US Great Plains
      • SOC Dynamics in Chernozems
      • Managing the SOC Pool in Chernozems
    • Sequestration of Soil Inorganic Carbon in Chernozems
    • Management Effects on Soil Physical and Hydrological Properties of Chernozems
      • Management Effects on Soil Erosion
    • Conclusions and Researchable Priorities
    • References
  • 8 Climate-Change Policy for Agriculture Offsets in Alberta, Canada
    • Background
    • Local Context
    • Offsets
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Looking Ahead
    • References
  • 9 School Meals Programs: Connecting with Local Farmers to Provide Good, Sustainable Nutrition in School—And a Lever for Change
    • Context
    • Health
    • Economic Impact for Farmers and Communities
    • Environmental Impact
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Part III What’s Missing?
  • 10 Diverse Perennial Vegetation is Missing!
    • Altering the Organism Soil Forming Factor
    • Why Annuals?
    • Soil Degradation and Regeneration
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 11 A Biological Way to Intensify Agriculture
    • Biologisation of Agriculture
    • The Role of Biological Nitrogen
    • Structure of Land Use
    • Organic Fertilizers
    • Biological Preparations to Optimize Crop Nutrition
    • Prospects for Organic Agriculture in Russia
    • Scientific Research on Biologisation of Agriculture
    • References
  • 12 Ending the Recurrent Agricultural Crisis: LOME Legumes, Oilseeds, Methanation
    • Diagnosis of the Crisis of Agriculture in Europe
    • The Mission of Agriculture in Sustainable Development
    • The LOME Concept as a Foundation for Future Agriculture
    • Future Agriculture in the Future Society
    • Biomethane in the Energy Mix
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 13 Diversity of Crops in Rotation: A Key Factor in Soil Health and Crop Yields
    • Introduction
    • The Selectia Long-Term Field Experiment
    • Results and Discussion
      • Crop Productivity
      • Water-Use Efficiency
      • Nitrogen-Use Efficiency
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 14 Performance of Crops in Rotation Under Mineral and Organic Systems of Fertilization
  • 15 Preventative Restoration of Ordinary Chernozem Before Implementing Zero Tillage
    • Introduction
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 16 Step-By-Step Along the Path to Sustainability
    • Introduction
    • Consistent Integrated Farming
    • Organic Farming
    • Intercropping
      • Intercropping Cereals and Grain Legumes
    • Under-Sowing
    • Green Manures
    • Contract Farming—Solidarity Agriculture
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 17 Standards for Heavy-Metal Contamination of Irrigated Land in Ukraine
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 18 Giving Credit Where Credit’s Due. A Standard for Soil Health
  • Part IV What Else Do We Need to Know?
  • 19 Pesticides, Insects and Birds on Conventional and Organic Cattle Farms in the Netherlands: Implications for Regulation of Organic Production
    • Description of the Research and the Outcomes
    • Implications for Regulation
    • Implications for Organic Production
    • Consequences for Regulation of Organic Production
    • References
  • 20 Fluxes of Reactive Nitrogen and Greenhouse Gases from Arable Land in South-Western Ukraine
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
      • N2O and CH4 Fluxes
      • Nr Fluxes
      • Ammonia Dynamics
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 21 Long-Term Effects of Crop Rotation and Fertilization on Weed Infestation in Winter Wheat
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 22 Phenotyping of Wheat in Heat- and Drought-Stressed Environments Using UAVs
    • Introduction
    • Field Trial
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 23 New Safflower Oil Crops in Russia: Agronomy and Adaptability
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods of Research
    • Agronomic Characteristics of var. Krasa Stupinskaya
      • Safflower as a Break Crop
      • Safflower as a Fodder Crop
      • Decorative and Honey Culture
      • Safflower Oil Content and Composition
    • Place in Crop Rotation and Tillage
      • Cultivation
      • Seed Preparation and Sowing
      • Pollination
      • Harvesting
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 24 Agronomic Benefits of Perennial Crops and Farmyard Manure in Crop Rotations
    • Introduction
    • Experimental Site and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 25 No-till for Cereal Crops on the Bălţi Steppe of Moldova
    • Introduction
    • Experimental Site and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 26 Long-Term Irrigation and Fertilization of Typical Chernozem on the Bălţi Steppe of Moldova
    • Introduction
    • Experimental Site and Method
    • Results and Discussion
      • Agronomic Response
      • Cost Recovery
      • Soil Organic Matter Stocks
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 27 Post-irrigation State of Black Soils in South-Western Ukraine
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 28 Effects of Drip Irrigation on the Composition and Fertility of Black Soils in Odesa Region
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 29 Verification of the Wind Erosion Equation on the Ukrainian Steppe
    • Introduction
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 30 Promoting Agroforestry Within the Agricultural Competitiveness Project in Moldova
    • Introduction
    • Results and Discussion
      • Agroforestry Practices Applied
      • Area of Farmland Protected by Shelter Belts Rehabilitated Within MACP
    • Estimation of Benefits
      • Agricultural Production
      • Carbon Capture
    • Conclusions
    • References
  • 31 An Investable Proposal for Regenerative Agriculture Across the Steppes
    • Context
    • Conservation Agriculture
    • Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Potential Extra Grain Yield
    • Opportunities for Green Bonds
    • National Action Plans for Transition to Sustainable Agriculture
    • References
  • Index

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