Chapter- 4 : Reagents (solution) used in clinical laboratories



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chapter 4 reagents

Dilution of solution

  • Dilution is the process by which the concentration of or activity of a given solution is decreased by the addition of solvent.
    • A dilution represents the ratio of the concentrated or stock material of the total final volume of a solution. i.e Dilutions are usually expressed as 1 unit of the final solution.
    • Adding a diluents such as water or saline, which contains none of the material being diluted, is used to do this.
  • Dilution has two parts: diluents and solute.

Dilution …

  • Dilution is used to prepare
    • Whenever a solution is diluted, it is volume is increased and its concentration decreased, but the total amount of solute remains unchanged.
    • The following equation is used to determine the volume (V2) needed to dilute a given volume of (V1) of solution of known concentration (C1) to the desired lesser concentration (C2)
  • C1 x V1 = C2 x V2

Dilution …

  • Example: to make 45 ml of 30% solution from 70% solution
  • C2= 30%
  • V2= 45ml
  • C1= 70%
  • V1= C2 x V2
  • C1
  • V1= 30 x 45 = 19.3ml
  • 70
  • There fore 19.3ml of 70% solution must be diluted with 25.7ml of distilled to obtain 45ml of 30%solution.

Methods of dilution

  • A general process of preparing less concentration solutions from a solution of greater concentration.
  • E.g.,
  • if you want to prepare 1:10 dilution

Methods of dilution …

    • B. Serial dilution
  • It is defined as multiple progressive dilutions ranging from more concentrated solutions to less concentrated solutions.
  • Example ???

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