Ch t. o‘. i k. shpor pdf

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What is Key Issues in ESP Programm Design ?
Based on the studies presented above, problems in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
could be categorized into five broad problems. They are (1) teaching pedagogy, (2) the teachers ,(3)
the design of the course, (4) students' ability and (5) students' needs.
What is the Criteria for ESP materials adaptation ?
ESP Material Adaptation
First Modifying the content by adding or deleting some parts to the material be it a textbook, a
manuscript, or a recording. Second, reorganizing the content in terms of tasks; either by modifying
or extending them according to the needs.
Difference between ESP and GE.
Differences " in theory nothing in practice a great deal " Learners ESP - specially designed for (
working ) adults GE specially designed for high school students Aims ESP - the objective is to meet
the needs of particular learners GE - to improve overall English involving a range of skills ( reading .
writing , speaking , istening vocabulary grammar , pronunciation , etc. )
What is the Criteria for ESP materials adaptation ?
ESP Material Adaptation
First Modifying the content by adding or deleting some parts to the material be it a textbook, a
manuscript, or a recording. Second, reorganizing the content in terms of tasks; either by modifying
or extending them according to the needs.
How should we improve reading skills ?
6 Strategies to Improve Reading 1.Comprehension
2.Have them read aloud. ...
3.Provide books at the right level. ...
4.Reread to build fluency. ...
5.Talk to the teacher. ...
6.Supplement their class reading. ...
Talk about what they're reading.
What is the program management and evaluation ?
Managing projects and entire programmes is an important part of OSCE activities in the field and by
its Institutions and Secretariat. Good programme and project management requires effective
planning, proper implementation, monitoring, and evaluation.
How can you solve problems in ESP materials design ?

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Based on the studies presented above, problems in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP)
could be categorized into five broad problems. They are (1) teaching pedagogy, (2) the teachers ,(3)
the design of the course, (4) students' ability and (5) students' needs.
What is the testing ?
In general, testing is finding out how well something works. In terms of human beings, testing tells
what level of knowledge or skill has been acquired. In computer hardware and software
development, testing is used at key checkpoints in the overall process to determine whether
objectives are being met.
What is the error correction?
Error correction is the process of detecting errors in transmitted messages and reconstructing the
original error-free data. Error correction ensures that corrected and error-free messages are
obtained at the receiver side.
How do you prepare for exam questions ?
Practise with past test questions if possible. Don't worry too much about timing, but get used to
using strategies for working out best answers. Look out for other possible questions and answers
while revising. If you have any past test questions, think about the kind of questions that are asked.
Speak about Criterion - referenced assessments ?
A criterion-referenced test is a style of test which uses test scores to generate a statement about the
behavior that can be expected of a person with that score. Most tests and quizzes that are written by
school teachers can be considered criterion-referenced tests. In this case, the objective is simply to
see whether the student has learned the material. Criterion-referenced assessment can be
contrasted with norm-referenced assessment and ipsative assessment.
What are the steps in test development ?
TEST DEVELOPMENT
Specify the purpose of the test and the inferences to be drawn.
Develop frameworks describing the knowledge and skills to be tested.
Build test specifications.
Create potential test items and scoring rubrics.
Review and pilot test items.
Evaluate the quality of items.
What is Criterion referencing ? Well-known examples of criterion-referenced tests include Advanced
Placement exams and the National Assessment of Educational Progress, which are both
standardized tests administered to students throughout the United States.
What is Norm referencing ?

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Norm-referenced refers to standardized tests that are designed to compare and rank test takers in
relation to one another.
What is language proficiency assessment ?
Language proficiency tests assess a person's practical language skills. Proficiency tests share some
similarities with achievement tests, but rather than focusing on knowledge, proficiency tests focus
on the practical application of that knowledge.
What are the methods of assessment in language learning?
There are five main types of language assessments — aptitude, diagnostic, placement, achievement,
and proficiency tests.
Aptitude Tests. Aptitude refers to a person's capacity for learning something. ...
Diagnostic Tests. ...
Placement Tests. ...
Achievement Tests. ...
Proficiency Tests.
Why assessment is important for language learning?
Assessment has two main purposes: to make summative evaluations and to provide instructional
feedback to help learners progress. Both summative and formative assessments can be formal
(standardized) or informal (classroom-based).
Beginner teacher include?
For a teacher at the beginning of their career, there are some general issues that the teacher would
need to observe and identify. The focus would be on general pedagogic knowledge, which includes
issues such as classroom management, differentiation and instructional strategies.
What types of things should one look for while observing?
suggestions on specifically what to look for when observing a lesson:
Have they got a good rapport with their students? ...
What's their body language like? ...
How well do they know their students? ...
Are they keeping the momentum of the lesson going?
What is an example of an objective question?
Objective questions are those based in fact, where a respondent's answer can be determined as
right, wrong, true or false. An example of an objective question would be to ask where someone lives
or what they bought from your store.
What is object of observation?
The fundamental purpose of classroom observation is to improve student outcomes by improving the
instructional prowess of the teacher. A secondary purpose of observation is to perform an
investigation into possible inequities in instruction among different groups of students.

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What are the elements of evolution plan?
There are four principles at work in evolution—variation, inheritance, selection and time. These are
considered the components of the evolutionary mechanism of natural selection.
New technologies using for students ?
provides instant accessibility to information, which is why its presence in the classroom is so vital.
Smart phones, computers, and tablets are already an omnipresent element of everyday life for
students and teachers alike. It’s only natural that the use of technological devices in the classroom
are explored to create meaningful learning experiences for students of all ages.
Constructing tests?
Designing tests is an important part of assessing students understanding of course content and their
level of competency in applying what they are learning. Whether you use low-stakes and frequent
evaluations–quizzes–or high-stakes and infrequent evaluations–midterm and final–careful design will
help provide more calibrated results.
Evolution 3 types ?
shows the three main types of evolution: divergent, convergent, and parallel evolution.
Divergent evolution ?
In closely related populations, species, or lineages of common ancestry that typically occupy
dissimilar environments or ecological niches The finches that Charles Darwin described in the
Galapagos Islands are a classic example of ...
What is convergent evolution? In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution is defined as the
process whereby distantly related organisms independently evolve similar traits to adapt to similar
necessities.
Parallel evolution?
Occurs when independent species acquire similar characteristics while evolving together at the
same time in the same ecospace. An example of parallel evolution is extinct browsing-horses and
paleotheres.
Tactile learners ?
Tend to be very active and need to take breaks often. Some may speak with their hand and use
gestures, as well as fidget or have difficulty staying still. By doing hands-on work, tactile or
kinesthetic learners are more likely to remember and retain what they are learning.
Four stages of evolution?
In general, evaluation processes go through four distinct phases: planning, implementation,
completion, and reporting.

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Per test question?
This includes exams ranging from 30 to 200 questions and exam times ranging from 50 minutes to
five hours.
Classroom investigation?
Improve teacher teaching patterns. Improve the behavior of students. Improve and improve learning
practices.
Different types tests?
Diagnostic Tests. These tests are used o diagnose how much you know and what you know. ...
Placement Tests. These tests are used to place students in the appropriate class or level. ...
Progress or Achievement Tests. ...
Proficiency Tests. ...
Internal Tests. ...
External Tests. ...
Objective Tests. ...
Subjective Tests.