Ccna certification Practice Tests

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 23.  The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) utilizes a component called the 

network management station (NMS) to collect all messages and poll metrics from all 

managed devices. An SNMP trap is a message generated from an SNMP agent installed 

on a host. An SNMP agent is a piece of software that monitors the operating system and 

hardware and either reports to the NMS or is polled by the NMS. A syslog server is a 

centralized server that collects logs for passive analysis of problems.

 24.  A.  The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) along with Telnet and Secure 

Shell (SSH) are used to configure network devices with Cisco Prime. Control And 

Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) and Lightweight Access Point Protocol 

(LWAPP) are used with wireless LAN controllers for the configuration of wireless access 

points (WAPs). RESTCONF is used with Cisco Digital Network Architecture (DNA) for 

network device configuration.

 25.  B.  The Spine/Leaf architecture model has been adopted in controller-based networks. The 

Leaf switch acts as the access and distribution, and the Spine acts as the core or backbone 

for the network. The three-tier network model and the collapsed core network model are 

used with controller-based networking. However, the concepts of the Cisco three-tier 

model are still applicable, such as the access, distribution, and core concepts as described 

above. A storage area network (SAN) fabric is not used in a network or controller-based 

network, as it is applicable only to storage area networks.

 26.  D.  Leaf switches never connect to other Leaf switches; they only connect to Spine 

switches. There can be many Spine switches per network; they are considered the 

backbone of the network. Although nothing stops you from connecting a host to a Spine 

switch, Spine switches should only provide core/backbone services.

 27.  A.  Traffic flow in a Spine/Leaf network flows from the host connected to the Leaf to 

the Spine, eventually to the destination Leaf and the awaiting host. Leaf switches are 

connected only to the Spine; therefore, traffic cannot flow from the host to a Leaf to 

another Leaf directly. Hosts should not be connected to Spine switches, so traffic will not 

flow from the host to the Spine to a Leaf and then a Spine switch.

 28.  D.  The Cisco Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) software-defined networking 

(SDN) solution is data center – focused to deliver applications to end users. The Cisco 

Application Policy Infrastructure Controller - Enterprise Module (APIC-EM) is a 

legacy SDN solution that is not part of Cisco Digital Network Architecture (DNA). 

OpenDaylight (ODL) is an open platform used for SDN solutions; it is not provided or 

maintained by Cisco. The Cisco Software-Defined Wide-Area Network (SD-WAN) is a 

scalable SDN solution for networks that operate over several data centers.

 29.  B.  Cisco Software Defined - Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is a solution that will allow 

remote office/branch office (ROBO) personnel to access cloud-based applications directly. 

The Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure Controller - Enterprise Module (APIC-EM) 

is a legacy SDN solution that is not part of Cisco Digital Network Architecture (DNA). 

Cisco Prime Infrastructure is a legacy management tool for deployment of switches, 

routers, and wireless. OpenDaylight (ODL) is an open platform used for SDN solutions; it 

is not provided or maintained by Cisco.

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