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Chapter 18: Troubleshooting IPv4 Routing 431
logic that also makes command output like traceroute more consistent and meaningful. That
logic: choose the TTL Exceeded message’s source IP address based on the source interface
of the original message that was discarded due to TTL. In the example in Figure 18-13, the
original message at Step 2 arrived on R2’s G0/0/1 interface, so at Step 3, R2 uses G0/0/1’s
IP address as the source IP address of the TTL Exceeded message, and as the interface out
which to send the message.
Standard and Extended traceroute
The standard and extended options for the traceroute command give you many of the same
options as the ping command. For instance, Example 18-5 lists the output of a standard
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