Category of voice in modern english

Uses of the subjunctive past in Armenian
a) The subjunctive past resembles the subjunctive future in its optative meaning. There is, however a difference: the subjunctive past expresses an unfulfilled desire. This could be an action or an event that did or did not take place in the past. Correspondingly, affirmative forms indicate desired but unfulfilled activity and negative forms express events that were undesired but did occur. Usually, the optative meaning is reinforced in sentences starting with the formulas երանի թե I wish…, I only wish…,
կուզեի (որ) I wish, or ուր է (ր) որ… I wish…, etc.
Ուր էր որ շահեիր:
I wish you had won. (But you didn’t.)
b) The optative meaning of the past subjunctive can also refer to the future. In that sense, the two forms, future subjunctive and past subjunctive, are very close in meaning, for instance, in constructions such as գնամ տեսնեմ նրան = գնայի տեսնեի նրան.
However, in these parallel forms the latter expresses a much more urgent desire that is difficult or impossible to fulfill. A popular Armenian song of WWII period starts with the words:
Թռչեի մտքով տուն…
I wish I’d fly home in my thoughts…
c) The subjunctive past is often used in subordinate clauses. It appears in temporal clauses introduced by the temporal conjunctions երբ when, հենց որ as soon as, etc.
հենց որ նա ներս մտներ, կատակներն սկսվում էին:
As soon as he came in, the jokes would start.
d) To express a hypothetical condition, namely in a subordinate (conditional) clause initiated by the conjunction եթե if. Such forms imply that the action has not taken place or it is doubtful that it will:
Եթե գայիր, գուցե իրար հանդիպեինք:
If you came, perhaps we would meet.
e) The subjunctive past forms are commonly used in conversation to make a request or to ask for a favor in a more polite way:
Լավ կլիներ, որ գնայիր և Մարոյին կանչեիր:
It would be nice if you went and called Maro.