Can-bajara olmoq, qila olmoq

Modal verbs

Modal fe’llar bajaruvchini ish harakatga bo’lgan munosabatini ifodalab majburiylik, shartlilik, bajara olish , uddalay olish hususiyatlarini ifodalaydi. Modal fe’llardan keyin har doim fe’lning “ VI” shakli ishlatiladi.Bularning barcha zamon shakllari mavjud emas.Modal fe’llar shahs va sonda o’zgarmaydi.

CAN-bajara olmoq, qila olmoq.

1. 
   Aqliy va jismoniy qobiliyatni ifodalaydi.
   

I can speak English. Men inglizcha gapira olaman. He can run well. U yaxshi yugura oladi.

2. 
   Shubha gumon ma’nosini ifodalaydi. Bunda “to be “fe’li bilan so’roq va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. O’zbek tiliga “bo’lmasa kerak” deb tarjima qilinadi.
   

He can’t be at school. It can’t J)e 10 o’clock.

U maktabda bo’lmasa kerak. Soat 10 bo’lmasa kerak.

3. 
   Taklif ma’nosini ifodalaydi.Bunda asosan so’roq gaplarda ishlatiladi.
   

Can I help you? Ho’sh hizmat? (magazindagi suhbat)

4. 
   “ Can “ dan keyin “ Have + V3 “ ish harakatffiMgan zambngiD tegishli bo’lib shubha gumon ma’nosini ifodalab har doim inkor shaklda bo’ladi. -“magan bo’lsa kerak”
   

He can’t have seen me. U meni ko’rmagan bo’lsa kerak.

O’tgan zamon shakli “ Could “ I could speak English last year.

Men o’tgan yili inglizcha gapira olrdim.

Quyidagi fe’llar bilan ham ishlatiladi. See -ko’rmoq , feel - his qilmoq , hear - eshitmoq smell - hid bilmoq , taste - ta’timoq , ta'm biimoq , remember - eslamoq , understand - tushunmoq. I was sitting at the back of the theatre and couldn’t hear very well.

ESLA TMA! Mulozamatni, iltimosni , ifodalagan so’roq gaplarda Could hozirgi va kelasi zamon ma’nosida

ishlatiladi.Ba'zan xozirgi va kelasi zamonda ham ishlatilishi mumkin , biror taklif

bildirilganda.

.-Could you help me tomorrow? Menga ertaga yordam bera olasizmi?

What shall we do this evening ? We could go to the cinema.

Bugun kechqurun nima qilamiz ? Kinoga borishimiz mumkin . (borsak bo’ladi).

Could ba'zan might va may ning ma’nolarida ishlatilishi mumkin . Bunda kelasi va xozirgi zamonda. sodir bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan gaplarda ishlatiladi.

It could rain tomorrow . Ertaga yomg’ir yog’ishi mumkin.

Could have +v3 - o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lishi mumkin bo’lgan lekin sodir bo’lmay qolgan ish harakatlar uchun ishlatiladi.

You could have helped him . Sen unga yordam bersang bo’lardiku.

The football match was cancelled last week . Гот couldn’t have played anyway , because he was ill. O’tgan hafta futbol musobaqasi qoldirildi. Tom baribir o’ynay olmagan bo’ardi, chunki u kasal edi.

Kelasi zamon shakli yo’q .Buning o’rniga to be able to +Vi . uddalamoq, qila olmoq , amallamoq. iborasidan foydalanamiz.Buning barcha zamon shakli bor.







Present. I am able to speak French now. Men hozir fransuzcha gaplasha olaman.

Past. He was able to do the sums last year. O’tgan yili u bu misolni yecha olardi.

Future. We shall be able to go there tomorrow.Biz ertaga uyerga bora olamiz.

Be able to - ma’lum bir vaziyatdagi ish harakatlarda ishlatiladi. Bunda uddalamoq , ulgurmoq , amallamoq ma'nolarini beradi.

She wasn't at home when I phoned but I was able contact her at her office.

Men telefon qilganimda u uyida emas edi lekin amallab u bilan ofisiga bog’lana oldim.

Manage to +vl- amallamoq , uddalamoq. Be able to +vl bilan sinonim.

The fire spread through the building very quickly but they managed to escape.

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MAY-mumkin ,mayli.

1. Ruhsat ma’nosini ifodalaydi.

You may go to the cinema. Sen kinoga borishing mumkin.

May I take your pen? Ruchkangni olsam maylimi?

2.Shubha gumon ma’nosini ifodalaydi. To be fe’li bilan hohlagan gaplarda ishlatiladi.

They may be sleeping now. Ular hozir uhlayotgan bolishlari mumkin.

3. 
   Hohishni va tilakni jfodalagan gaplarda gap boshiaa keladi lekin so’roq gap bo’lmaydi undov
   

gap bo’ladi.

May God be with you! Hudo senga yor bo’lsin.

May there always be sunshine! Har doim bo’lsin quyosh.

4;May dan keyin Have + V3 kelsa ish harakat o’tgan zamonga tagishli bo’ladi.

They may have forgotten your address.

Ular sizning manzilingizni unutgan bo’lishlari mumkin.

May bilan boshlangan so’roq gapga quyidagicha javob beriladi.

May I come in? Yes you may. Yes do please. Ha No. you mustn’t Yo’q O’tgan zamon shakli “might” bu asosan o’zlasluirma gaplainla ishlatiladi.Bunda bosh gapning kesimi o’tgan zamonda bo’ladi.

He said he might go to the cinema the next day.

Keyingi kuni u kinoga borishi mumkinligini aytdi.

ESLATMA! Ba’zi paytlari xozirgi va kclasi zanmnda sodir bolishi mumkin bo’lgan gaplarda “might” dan foydalanamiz.

May =might bo’lib xam ishlatiladi.

It might rain tomorrow. Ertaga yomg’ir yog’ishi mumkin.

Mipht as well| may as well - ham bo’laveradi , shunday qilsa ma’qul.

What time are you going out ? Ko’chaga qachon chiqmoqchisiz ?

Well, I am ready , so I might as well go now .

Xo’sh , men tayyorman , demak endi chiqsam ham bo’laveradi.

Kelasi zamon shakli yo’q.Buning o’rniga

to be~alIowed to+Vl to be permitted to+Vl “ ruhsat” etiladi iborasidan

foydalanamiz. Buning barcha zamon shakli bor . /

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You are allowed to go to the park today. Sen bugun kinoga borishing mumkin We were allowed to play football yesterday. Kecha bizga football o’ynashga ruhsat etildi. They will be allowed to go home tomorrow. Ularga ertaga uyga borishga ruhsat ertiladi.

MUST-kerak,zarur,shart

I.Majburivlik na’nosini ifodalaydi.

You must go to school everyday. Sen har kuni maktabga borishing shart.

You must wear uniform at school. Sen maktubda forma klyishing shart.

2.Shubha gumon ma’nosini ifodalavdi.Bunda “to be” fe'li bilan faqat darak gaplarda ishlatiladi.

You must be joking. Sen hazillashayotgan bo'lsang kerak.

He must be at home. U uyda bo’lsa kerak.

Lekin iboralar bilan kelganda “bo’lmoq “ degan ma'noni bermasa unda inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi. You mustn’t be late for school, Sen maktabga kech qolmasliging kerak.

3. 
   Must bilan boshlangan so’roq gaplarga quyidagicha javob beriladi.
   

Must I go there now? Yes you must. Ha

U yerga borishim shartmi? No ,you needn’t. Yo’q

3. 
   Must dan keyin Have + V3 kelsa ish harakat o’tgan zamonga
   

tegishli bo’lib shubha gumon ma’nosini ifodalavdi.Cap darak gap ho’lishi shart. gan bo’lsa kerak deb tarjima qilinadi.”

He must have forgotten your address. U seni adresingni unutgan bo’lsa kerak.

O’tgan va kelasi zamon shakli yo’q ,buning o’rniga

Have to + VI -to’g’ri keladi iborasidan foydalanamiz.Barcha zamon shakli bor.

Bu ibora biror kishining biror ish qilishi sharlligini, majburligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Bunda so’zlovchining o'z shaxsiy fikrini ifodalamydi.

I have to work from 8.30 to 5.30 every day. Men bar kuni 8.30 dan 5.30 gacha ishlashim kerak. (ishlashga to’gri keladi)

Present I have to do this exercise today.Men bugun bu ishni bajarishim kerak.

Past. He had to read the yesterday.U kecha kitobni o’qishi kerak edi.

Future. They will have to go there tomorrow.F.rtaga ular u yerga borishlari kerak.

O’tgan va hozirgi zamon shaklarining so’roq va inkor “to do” Yordamida yasaladi.

Do you have to do this exercise today? Sen bugun bu mashqni bajarishing kerak?

Did you have to read the book yesterday?Kecha sen kitobni o’qishing kerak edimi?

Have got to +Vl-to*g’ri keladi.

Have to +V1 dan farqi faqat hozirgi zamon shakli bor. So’roq va inkor shakllari have ni egadan oldinga chiqarish orqali yoki” have" ga" nof’qo’shish orqali yasaladi.

They have got to do the job. Ular ishni bajarishlari kerak.

Have they got to do the job? Ular ishni bajarishlari kerakmi?

They haven't got to do the job. Ular ishni bajarishlari kerak emas.

TO BE TO+VI-kerak.

Oldindan rejalashtirilgai^kelajakda sodir bo’lishi aniti ha’lgan ish harakftlar uchun ishlatiladLHozirgi va o’tgan zamon shakllari bor.

Present. I am to go to school at 4 today , because we have football match at school.

• Men bugun soat 4 da maktabga borishim kerak.chunki bugun futbol musobaqasi bor.

Past He was to be there at 5, so he had to take a taxi.

U u yerda soat 5 da bo’lishi kerakedi,shuiiin« uchun u taksi ushlashiga to’g’ri keldi.

Need-muhtoj bo'lmoq ,zarur bo’lmoq Bu fe’l ham modal fe’l ham asosiy fe’l bo’lib ishlatiladi.

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modal fe’l bo’lsa undan keyin yana fe’l ishlatilishi kerak va faqat hozirgi zamonda so’roo va inkor gaplarda ishlatiladi.

Need you go there now? U yerga borishing zarurmi?

We needn’t do this job today. Biz bu ishni bugun bajarishimiz zarur emas.

Needn’t = don’t \doesn’t need to ishlatilishi mumkin .

We needn’t hurry = we don’t need hurry. Biz shoshilmasak ham bo’aldi.

Bunda needn’t va don’t need “don’t have to” ga sinonim.

Need dan keyin “Have+V3” kelsa ish harakat o’tgan zamonga tegishli bo’ladi va “afsuslanisb “ma’nosini ifodalaydi. “Qilish shart emas edi , qilmasa ham bo’lar ekan .’’degan ma’nolarda keladi.

I needn’t have bought this book ,because my mother bought it for me yesterday.

Men bu kitobni sotib olmasam bo’lar ekan,chunki onam kecha men uchun sotib olgan edi.

Bu fe’l asosiy fe’l bo’lib kelsa undan keyin boshqa fe’l ishlatilmaydi va barcha zamon shakli bor.So’roq va inkor shakllari “ to do” yordamida yasaladi.

I need help. Men yordamga muhtojman.

I don’t need help . Men yordamga muhtoj emasman. Do you need help? Sen yordamga muhtojmisan.

Should, ought to -lozim, kerak , Had better - yahshisi.

“Must” ning kuchsiz shakli bo’lib birovga maslaliaC berganda ishlatiladi. Majburiylik ma’nosini bermaydi.

You should consult a doctor. Sen doktorga borishing lozim.

They should do this exercise. Ular bu mashqni bajarishing lozim.

“Should” dan keyin “Have+V3” kelsa ish harakat o’tgan zamonga tegishli bo’lib “tana “ ma'nosini ifodalaydi.” Shuni qilmasa bo’lardi, qilmagani yaxshiydi.”

They shouldn’t have gone to the cinema such bad weather.

Ular bunaqangi yomon ob havoda kinoga bormagani yaxshiydi.

Had better - should , ought to ga o’xshaydi lekin ulardan kuchliroq , maslahatni, tahdidni, ogohlantirishni ifodalaydi. You had better take care of that cut on your hand soon , or it will get infected.

Will- biror ishni qilishga va’da berganda I won’t tell anyone about it I promise. Bu haqda hech kimga aytmayman. Soz beraman.

Kimdandir biror ish qilishni so'rab iltimos qilganda.

Will you shut the door, please? Eshikni yopib yuborasizmi, iltimos?

Won’t- biror ishni bajarishni rad etganda.

The car won’t start, I wonder what’s wrong with it.

Mashina yurmayapti. flayronman unga nima bo'ldi ekan.

Would- bo'lar edi.

Tasawurdagi holatni, amalga oshmaydigan isb harakatini ifodalaydi.

It would be nice to buy a new, but we can’tafford it.

Yangi mashina sotib olsak vaxshi bo'lardi. lekin bunga qurbimiz yetmaydi.

Would- o'tgan zamonda qafiy rad qilingan ish harakatini ham ifodalaydi.

The car wouldn’t start. Mashina o't olmadi.

O'tgan zamonda takroriv bo'lgan ish harakatini ham ifodalatdi.

Whenever he was angry, he would work out of the room.

Uni jahli chiqqanda u xonadan chiqib ketardi.

Bu holatda would used to bilan sinonim bo'ladi.

Would- taklif, iltimos ma'nolarini ham beradi.

Would you like a cup of coffee? Yes, please.

Kofe xoxlaysizmi ? Ha , albatta.

Dare - jurat qilmoq , xaddi sig’moq , botinmoq.

Ham asosiy xam modal fe’l bo’lib ishlatiladi.Madal fe’l bo'lib kelganda faqal ikkita shakli bor . dare va dared undan keyin fe’ Ining VI shakli keladi He dare ask her. Undan so’rashga jurati vetadi.

Inkor shakli Dare not, dared not. Asosiy fel bo’lib kelsa undan keyin (to) infinitive ishlatiladi. /

She doesn’t dare to say it. Uni buni aytishga jurati yetmaydi.

danz, rwh I _ /