Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide

given/old information

new information

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His cousin in Bedford, her boyfriend, 

his parents bought him a car for his

birthday

.

Tails

Tails involve noun phrases used at the end of the clause, referring to the same

person or thing as a previous pronoun in the clause. Such word order is typically

used to highlight judgment, comment or evaluation rather than mere statement of

fact:

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And 

he’s quite a comic, the fellow, you know.

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It’s really nicely done out, this place, all wooden.

The tail may involve a demonstrative pronoun rather than a full noun phrase:

It’s a speciality, that.

It’s driving me crazy, this.