Cambridge Grammar of English Hardback with cd-rom a comprehensive Guide

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also 387 Will

THE SUBJUNCTIVE 

345

In formal and literary styles, present references to unfulfilled actions or events

may be in the subjunctive mood after verbs such as demand, insist, recommend,

require

, stipulate. The subjunctive mood uses the base form of the verb for all

persons (i.e. no final -s on third person singular; 

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159e

):

The Head of Security has 

demanded that the guard resign.

I 

insist that she do these things herself. 

It is 

recommended that they repay the amount stolen in full within one year.

606 | Present time

Cambridge Grammar of English

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Past time

Introduction

346

The past simple

347

Definite time reference 347a

Definite time adjuncts 347b

The past simple without explicit 

time markers 347c

Events and states 347d

The past progressive

348

Events in progress 348a

Background events 348b

Reasons and contexts for 

events 348c

Ongoing and repeated 

events 348d

The past progressive and definite 

time 348e

The past progressive versus the past

simple

349

Verbs not normally used in the past

progressive

350

The present perfect

351

Time up to now 351a

Panel: For and since 351b

Now-relevance 351c

The present perfect simple versus

the present perfect progressive

352

Completed and punctual 

events 352a

Events in the past still 

continuing 352b

Mental process and sense 

verbs 352c

The present perfect and definite past

time

353

The present perfect as a frame for

past time events

354

The past perfect

355

Time up to ‘then’ 355a

Reported clauses 355b

References to changed states 355c

The past perfect in conditional 

clauses 355d

The past perfect and the past simple

356

The past perfect simple versus the past

perfect progressive

357

Time-frames: summary

358

Tense choice in complex sentences

359

Temporal subordinators (e.g. when) 

and the past simple 359a

Temporal subordinators and the past 

progressive 359b

Temporal subordinators and the 

present perfect 359c

Temporal subordinators and the past 

perfect 359d

Perfect infinitive clauses 359e

Present tense references to past 

time

360

The present simple for dramatic 

effect 360a

The present progressive for narrative 

build-up 360b

News headlines 360c

Present tense references to historical 

events 360d

Speech-reporting verbs 360e

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608 | 

Past time