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Cambridge grammar of English

the

details of which he was unable to imagine because her life had been so

different

.

He wrote one novel,

the title of which I’ve forgotten

.

(or, less formal: He wrote one novel, whose title I’ve forgotten.)

572 | Clause combination

Cambridge Grammar of English




Zero relative pronoun

317h


Referring to the object

In informal styles and especially in spoken language, a defining relative clause

referring to the object of the clause may occur without any relative pronoun:

That’s a job

I could never do

.

(understood: a job which/that I could never do.)

A: Who was present at this Sunday lunch?

B: Oh, some people



we didn’t even know

.

(understood: some people that/who/whom we didn’t even know.)

As complement of a preposition

Zero relative pronoun can also occur as the complement of a preposition, but only

when the preposition is placed at the end of the relative clause:

Is this the car

Fiona was talking about

?

(understood: Is this the car that/which Fiona was talking about?)

(or, more formal: Is this the car about which Fiona was talking?)

(But not: Is this the car about Fiona was talking?)

[showing someone an old photograph in which they appear]

Huh, there’s you in the back garden of the second house

we lived in

.

(understood: … the second house that/which we lived in.)

When the relative pronoun is the complement of a preposition, the preposition

and relative pronoun may both be omitted in informal styles:



That seems to me a sensible moment

to make that decision

.

(understood: … a sensible moment at which to make that decision.)

Referring to the subject

In informal speech, zero relative pronoun may occur with reference to the subject

of a defining or non-defining relative clause. This happens particularly with

existential there constructions:



There was a train

came by every morning about half-past eight

.

(understood: There was a train which/that came by every morning …)

A: There’s quite a lot of colour photocopying

needs doing

.

B: Er, right, when do you want it for?

A: Today if possible.

(understood: … colour photocopying which/that needs doing.)



There was this strange guy, Harry Foster,

was President of the company

. He

was tall and thin.

(understood: …Harry Foster, who was President of …)

Occasionally in informal speech a subject relative pronoun and an immediately

following auxiliary verb may both be omitted:

[talking about the activities of mysterious neighbours]

Yeah, they do seem to be dragging stuff about. It’s really weird. There seems to

be more stuff

come out

than

gone in

.

(understood: … more stuff that/which has come out than stuff which/that has

gone in.)


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