Buxoro davlat universiteti xorijiy tillar fakulteti xorijiy til va adabiyoti kafedrasi



Download 46,5 Kb.
bet2/5
Sana28.06.2022
Hajmi46,5 Kb.
#716581
1   2   3   4   5
Deer: any beast > a certain kind of beast Meat:
any food > a certain food product
Boy: any young person of the male sex > servant of the male sex
It should be pointed out once more that in all these words the second meaning developed through transfer­ence based on contiguity, and that when we speak of them as examples of narrowing of meaning we simply imply that the range of the second meaning is more nar­row than that of the original meaning. These terms are open to question because they seem to imply that meanings can become "better" or "worse" which is neither logical nor plausible. But, as a matter-of-fact, scholars using these terms do not actually mean the degeneration or elevation of meaning itself, but of the referent onto which a word is transferred, so that the term is inaccurate. But let us try and see what really stands behind the examples of change of meaning which are traditionally given to illustrate degeneration and elevation of mean­ing.




Tyupe of tranference their usages
Transfer is an excellent example of how a little knowledge of Latin can go a long way.
Transfer entered English around 1350–40. It ultimately derives from the Latin verb trānsferre, which principally meant “to carry or bring across.” The verb is composed of two parts. The first part is trāns-, a prefix based on the adverb and preposition trāns, meaning “across, beyond, through.” The second part is ferre, a verb meaning “to bear, carry,” among many other senses. The English verb bear, as in “bearing a load,” is actually an etymological cousin to the Latin ferre.
Trāns- and ferre appear in many other English words. Let’s start with ferrePrefer comes from the Latin praeferre, “to bear or set before” (learn more at pre–, preference). Refer comes from the Latin referre, “to bring back” (re–, reference). Infer comes from inferre, “to bring in” (in–, inference). This next origin may put a new spin on the word for you: suffer comes from sufferre, literally “to bear under,” with suf- a variant of sub- “under.” Defer and deference ultimately comes from—slight curveball here—differre, “to bear apart, carry away.” Differre is also the source of differdifferent, and difference.
Now for trāns-. Trāns– was incredibly productive in Latin. That means it was used to produce many new words, especially verbs (and their related forms) that have made their way into English, including:

  • transact

  • transcend

  • transcribe

  • transfigure

  • transfix

  • transform

  • transfuse

  • transmit

  • transpire

Does knowing that trāns- means “across, beyond, through” shed any new light on what these words mean?
Some other common words directly derived from Latin and featuring trāns- are transittranslucent, and transparent.
Trāns-, naturalized as trans–, is also very productive in English. Some familiar examples include transconintentaltrans-fat, and transgender.

Download 46,5 Kb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   2   3   4   5




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish