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CONCLUSION
The border area of the Turkestan Governor-General’s Office stretched from the border of the Semipalatinsk region to the middle of Lake Balkhash, and from there along the Chu River to the Sarisuv River. The border line with the Governor-General of Orenburg is in the middle of the Perovsk Bay, to Mount Termembes, then along the Terken, Kalmas, Muzbil, Akkum, Chobartepa Mountains, the southern foothills of the Moyinkum and the Sarisuv River, the Chu River. Went to the place where it was added. Part of the territory of the Semipalatinsk region, which was under the control of the Governor-General of Western Siberia, was included in the structure of the Governor-General. By the end of the 19th century, the total area of the Governor-General of Turkestan was 1,738,918 sq. Km.
Initially, the Governor-General of Turkestan was divided into two regions: the Syrdarya, centered in Tashkent, and the Yettisuv, centered in Verniy. In 1868, the Zarafshan district, with its center in Samarkand, was formed in addition to the occupied territories. Zarafshan district is divided into three districts: Samarkand and one district, Kattakurgan. In 1871 it was joined by mountainous districts consisting of small principalities above the Zarafshan River. 1874 - The Amudarya Branch is established in Petroaleksandrovsk (Turtkul). The Amudarya branch, formed in a part of the territory separated from the Khiva khanate, was divided into Chimbay and Shorakhan districts.
In 1876, due to the dissolution of the Kokand Khanate, the Fergana region was established with its center in the city of New Margilan (Fergana). In the territory of Fergana region there are Andijan, Kokand, Margilan, Namangan, Osh and Chust districts. – Isfara district was formed. The city of Tashkent has formed an independent administrative unit.
Yettisuv region is divided into Sergiopolsk, Kupal, Verniy, Issyk-Kul and Tokmak districts. In 1882, he was removed from the governor-generalship. In 1868, Avliyo-ota, Qazala, Qurama (center – Kuylik village), Perovsk, Turkestan, Khojand and Shymkent districts were formed within the Syrdarya region. Khojand district had its own characteristics and its territory was divided into three districts – Khojand, Uratepa and Jizzakh. For the management of these lands by the tsarist government in 1867 "three years as an experiment" "Regulations on the administration of the Syrdarya and Yettisuv regions", in June 1868 "Temporary rules of management of the Zarafshan district", "1873 on the management of the Fergana region Although the "Provisional Statute" and the "Regulations on the Administration of the Amudarya Branch of May 21, 1874" were also developed, all of them planned in their activities "the unity of military and administrative power and its unification in one hand."
With the exception of Tashkent, Turkestan did not have self-governing bodies. Under the Charter of 1867, public works were carried out by local administrations elected in the cities. The cities were divided into districts (urban districts) and ruled by elders. They were elected by a constituency-appointed electoral convention. The city elders collected taxes and distributed duties. They were subordinated to a senior elder appointed by the military governor and in charge of the city police service. The senior elder was subordinated to all lower police officers – officers, mirabs and judges. All of them were paid from the city.
The city of Tashkent was the political and administrative center of the Governor-General of Turkestan and had its own administrative system. Here the city administration was headed by a special mayor. Separate public utilities were established in the “old” and “new” parts of the city. In the “old” Tashkent, board members were elected by the city’s upper class, while in the “Europe” section, leaders were appointed by the military governor of the Syrdarya region. The work of public utilities in Tashkent, as in other cities, was to follow the orders of the mayor. Since the establishment of the Governor-General of Turkestan, the Governor-General has been given great powers. He was both the head of the civil administration and the commander of the Turkestan military district. The royal decree empowers KP Kaufman to "resolve all political, border and trade matters, negotiate and conclude agreements in neighboring countries, and agree on terms for decisions." The governor-general has the right to deport politically charged persons who are dissatisfied with the government's policies for up to five years and, in the event of resistance, to take the case to a military court. citizenship, the distribution of loans, including the right to overturn death sentences (if they have been handed down by courts of justice and jurisdiction) for persons belonging to indigenous peoples. The role of the Chancellery of the Governor-General of Turkestan was especially important in the preparation and implementation of various regulations governing the country. The Chancellery, in cooperation with specially formed government commissions, participated in the drafting of all laws in Turkestan, which would then be submitted to Russian ministries and the State Council. The Chancellery was active in personnel matters, "appointing to authorized positions, supervising subordinates and individuals, resolving cases and taking measures to enforce the law, and presenting them to senior officials." In this way, the head of state is given unlimited powers in the military, political and administrative spheres. The provincial government was administered by the military governor and the provincial administration, which included officials and a provincial administration under the military governor, and the provincial administration was chaired by the assistant military governor. This assistant was appointed and dismissed by the emperor with the consent of the military governor. When he was not a military governor, he was replaced by an aide. Provincial administrations performed administrative, judicial, police, financial, and administrative functions. In essence, they replicated the governance of the province, but the trick had a wide range of powers over them, as they performed the functions of all the provincial institutions existing in the interior of Russia.
REFERENCES
1.Q.Usmonov.M.Sodiqov.S.Burxonova
2.New history of Uzbekistan, book 1 [Turkestan during the colonial period of Tsarist Russia], Toshkent. 2000.
3.Abramov F., Polojeniye ob upravlenii Turkestanskim krayem, Toshkent
1916;
4.Sadokov X., Politiko-administrativnoye ustroystvo Turkestanskogo general-gubernatorstva, Toshkent 1973;
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