Brief contents of the course

Glossary of Linguistic Terms

1. 
   Determiner – определяющее слово
   
2. 
   substitution - подстановка
   
3. 
   omission - опущение
   
4. 
   absence - отсутствие
   
5. 
   theme – тема, о чем говорится в предложении
   
6. 
   rheme – рема, что говорится о теме
   
7. 
   generalization – обобщение
   

additional reading

1. 
   стр. 47-57
   
2. 
   стр. 29-33
   
3. 
   –
   
4. 
   стр. 83-94
   
5. 
   стр. 112-113
   

XII. Adjectives. Their grammatical categories.

The adjective expresses the meaning of property of a substance. It means that for every A used in a sentence some noun is used or implied, whose property it denotes, such as its material, colour, dimensions, position, state, and other characteristics, both permanent and temporary. So, unlike nouns, A’s do not have a full nominative(назывная) value. Words like “long” or “hospitable” cannot function in the sentence independently from a collocation showing what is long and who is hospitable. The semantically bound character of the adjective is emphasized in English by the use of the substitute “one” in the absence of the notional head-noun in the phrase: I could see big figures, but I couldn’t see the little ones on the chart.
Form the syntactical point of view, A’s can combine with nouns, usually in pre-position, and occasionally in post-position: “times immemorial” (usually these are borrowings from Romanic languages), with link-verbs, both functional and notional: He was guilty, He was found guilty; with modifying adverbs. I can be combined with nouns with a preposition (fond of, jealous of, curious of, angry with etc) Many of such adjectival collocations have essentially a verbal meaning: to be fond of – love, to be jealous of – envy, etc.
In the sentence the A’s perform the function of an attribute and a predicative. Of the two, the more specific function of the A is that of an attribute, since the function of a predicative can be performed by a noun as well.
To the derivational features of A’s belong a number of suffixes and prefixes, of which the most important are: -ful (hopeful) , - less (jobless), ish (bluish), ous (famous), ive (decorative), ic (basic), -ly (friendly), -un, im.
As far as word-changing features, A, having lost in the course of history all its forms of grammatical agreement with the noun, has only the category of comparison.