Branches of linguistics. Synchronic vs diachronic approaches to the language study. Lexicology – ‘the science of the word’ Lexicon

Origin of the term

Greek: phrásis ‘expression’ and lógos ‘study, department of knowledge’

Approaches to the definition

European tradition: a branch of linguistics that studies stable word-groups with partially or fully transferred meanings (Ye. D. Polivanov, V. V. Vinogradov, A. V. Kunin etc.)

Anglo-American tradition: a form of expression peculiar to a language including separate words and word-groups (R. Glaeser, G. Knappe etc.)

Charles Bally

F. de Saussure’s disciple, the Geneva School of Linguistics;

introduced the term phraséologie in his book Précis de stylistique (1905);

considered phraseology a branch of stylistics.

Yevgeniy Polivanov

one of the founders of the Society for the Study of Poetic Language (ОПОЯЗ);

defined phraseology as a separate linguistic discipline.

A phraseological unit is a non-motivated word-group that cannot be freely made up in speech but is reproduced as a ready-made unit

idiomaticity

reproducibility

stability

predictability

inseparability

36. Approaches to the classifications of phraseological units in modern linguistics.