Branches of linguistics. Synchronic vs diachronic approaches to the language study. Lexicology – ‘the science of the word’ Lexicon

Blending+semantic derivation

camouflanguage < camouflage + language “мова, перенасичена лінгвістичними та мовленнєвими засобами, які допомагають мовцеві сховати справжній зміст повідомлення”

Thematic groups of blends:

information technologies: teleputer < television + computer; webcam < web + camera; netaholic < Internet + alcoholic;

economics: ecolonomics < ecology + economics; freeconomics < free + economics; slowflation < slow + inflation;

geography: Eurabia < Europe + Arabia; Chindia < China + India; Calexico < California + Mexico;

literature and art: dramedy < drama + comedy; fictomercial < fiction + commercial; docusoap < documentary + soap-opera;

linguistics: Spanglish < Spanish + English; Hindlish < Hindi + English; cryptolect < cryptography + dialect; publilect < puberty + dialect;
Conversion. Different views on conversion. Semantic relations within converted pairs.

Conversion (zero derivation, affixless derivation) is the formation of words without using specific word-building affixes.

The term conversion was introduced by Henry Sweet in his New English Grammar. First cases of conversion registered in the 14th c. imitated such pairs of words as love, n – love, v (O.E. lufu, n – lufian, v) for they were numerous and thus were subconsciously accepted as one of the typical language patterns.

Approaches to the study of conversion:

-conversion as a morphological way of forming words (Prof. Smirnitskiy);

-conversion as a morphological-syntactic word-building means (Prof. Arnold);

-conversion as a syntactic word-building means (a functional approach).

The productivity of conversion:

-the analytical structure of Modern English;

-the simplicity of paradigms of English parts of speech;

-the regularity and completeness with which converted units develop a paradigm of their new category of part of speech;

-the flexibility of the English vocabulary makes a word formed by conversion capable of further derivation, e.g. affixation (to view > a view > a viewer, viewing), word-composition (a black ball > to blackball, a black list > to blacklist).