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9.3 Vocabulary and skills development
Exercise 2a
Audio 9.10
1 Papua New Guinea is 160 kilometres north of Australia.
2 Singapore grows less than 10% of its food.
3 Papua New Guinea grows about three-quarters of its food.
4 Singapore got independence in 1965.
5 The coldest temperature ever recorded in Singapore was 19.4 degrees Celsius.
6 Less than a quarter of people in Papua New Guinea live in cities.
Exercise 3a
Audio 9.11
Numbers
Some numbers can sound very similar. Notice the different stress.
30 students
13 students
90%
19%
For large numbers we say:
100 – a hundred or one hundred
200 – two hundred, not two hundreds
3,420 – three thousand four hundred and twenty
4,000,000 – four million
For years we say:
1998 – nineteen ninety-eight
2018 – two thousand and eighteen or twenty eighteen
Exercise 4a & c
Audio 9.12
The first country we’re going to look at today is Indonesia in South East Asia. It became independent in 1945 and now one of the most important days for the country is Independence Day on 17th August. There are 240 million Indonesians, and they live on 6,000 of its 18,110 islands. Java is only the fourth largest island, but 60% of Indonesians live on it. Two of the main cities are on Java: Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, with 9.6 million people, and Surabaya, the second largest city, with 2.7 million.
Exercise 5
Audio 9.13
Now, moving on, the country is 5,120 kilometres from east to west and 1,760 kilometres from north to south. Forty million Indonesians work on farms, which is 1/6th of all Indonesians. The climate is perfect for growing rice because the temperature is usually between 25 and 35 degrees Celsius, and there is 3,175 millimetres of rain a year. In mountain areas this can be 6,100 millimetres. Indonesia is the third largest rice growing country in the world, but it still imports about three million tonnes of rice a year.
Exercise 7a
Audio 9.14
Vocabulary Focus saying numbers
Fractions: a quarter (¼), a third (1/3), a half (½), three-quarters (¾), two-thirds (2/3), two-fifths (⅖),
Percentages: fifteen per cent (15%), four point seven per cent (4.7%)
Decimals: two point eight nine (2.89), nought point three (0.3)
Temperatures: twenty-two degrees Celsius (22ºC), minus seven (-7ºC) / minus seven degrees Celsius
Dates: the first of September (1/9), the twenty-sixth of March (26/3)
Exercise 7c
Audio 9.15
1 seven point three five
2 the third of October twenty sixteen
3 four fifths
4 sixteen point one degrees / sixteen point one degrees Celsius
5 eighty-two point four per cent
6 the twelfth of May nineteen eighty-six
7 minus fourteen / minus fourteen degrees Celsius
8 one and three quarters