Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant


FIGURE 1-3 Red ocean versus blue ocean strategy



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Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant by W. Chan Kim, Renée A. Mauborgne (book-drive.com)

FIGURE 1-3
Red ocean versus blue ocean strategy


Competition-based red ocean strategy assumes that an industry’s structural
conditions are given and that firms are forced to compete within them, an
assumption based on what the academics call the 
structuralist
 view, or
environmental determinism
.
25
 In contrast, value innovation is based on the view
that market boundaries and industry structure are not given and can be
reconstructed by the actions and beliefs of industry players. We call this the
reconstructionist
 view. In the red ocean, differentiation raises costs because
firms compete with the same best-practice rule. Here, the strategic choices for
firms are to pursue either differentiation or low cost. In the reconstructionist
world, however, the strategic aim is to create new best-practice rules by breaking
the existing value-cost trade-off and thereby creating a blue ocean. (For more
discussions on this, see appendix B, “Value Innovation: A Reconstructionist
View of Strategy.”)
Cirque du Soleil broke the best practice rule of the circus industry, achieving
both differentiation and low cost by reconstructing elements across existing
industry boundaries. Is Cirque du Soleil, then, really a circus, with all that it
eliminated, reduced, raised, and created? Or is it theater? And if it is theater, then
what genre—a Broadway show, an opera, a ballet? It is not clear. Cirque du
Soleil reconstructed elements across these alternatives, and, in the end, it is
simultaneously a little of all of them and none of any of them in their entirety. It
created a blue ocean of new, uncontested market space.



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